Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Psychology > Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

Developmental Psychology Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

zygote

A

a fertilized egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

developmental psychology

A

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout the life span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

embryo

A

the zygote’s inner cells, usually develops over the first six weeks of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fetus

A

what the embryo turns into, happens in the first nine weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

teratogens

A

agents (chemicals or viruses) that reach the fetus during development and cause harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

habituation

A

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

when the mother persistently drinks while the baby is in the womb, causes the child to have lifelong physical and mental abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

maturation

A

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

schema

A

concepts or mental molds into which we pour our experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

assimilation

A

adding a new example into their existing schema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

accommodation

A

altering an existing schema as a result of new information or new experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities. they lack object permanence. from birth to around 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

object permanence

A

the awareness that objects continue to exist even when not perceived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

preoperational stage

A

a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. from 2 to 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

conservation

A

the principle that properties such as mass, volume and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

egocentrism

A

pre-operational children often have difficulty taking another’s point of view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

theory of the mind

A

people’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states - about their feelings, perceptions and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

concrete operational stage

A

children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about events (math, sorting). from about 7 to 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

formal operational stage

A

people begin to think logically about abstract concepts. reasoning expands from the purely concrete to encompass abstract thinking. beginning around age 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

scaffold

A

a framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

austism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A

a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interest and repetitive behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

stranger anxiety

A

the fear of strangers that infants commonly display beginning by about 8 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

attachment

A

an emotional tie with another person: shown in young children by their seeking closeness to their caregiver and showing distress on separation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

critical period

A

an optimal period when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
imprinting
the process by which certain animals form attachments early in life, usually during a limited critical period.
26
strange situation
Mary Ainsworth conducted the "strange situation" experiment, in which young babies were briefly separated from their mothers in an unfamiliar laboratory environment.
27
secure attachment
show only temporary distress when the caregiver leaves, and find comfort in the caregiver's return. feel protected by their caregivers, and they know that they can depend on them to return
28
insecure attachment
infants display either a clinging, anxious attachment or an avoidant attachment that resists closeness
29
temperament
a person's innate, inborn characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
30
basic trust
a sense that the world is predictable and reliable
31
anxious attachment
people constantly crave acceptance but remain vigilant to signs of possible rejection
32
avoidant attachment
people experience discomfort getting close to others and use avoidant strategies to maintain distance from others
33
self-concept
an understanding and assessment of who they are
34
sex
the biologically influenced characteristics by which people define male or female
35
gender
the socially influenced characteristics by which people define boy, girl, man, and woman
36
aggression
any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally
37
relational aggression
an act of aggression (physical or verbal) intended to harm a person's relationship or social standing
38
roles
a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
39
gender role
a set of expected behaviors, attitudes and traits for males or for females
40
gender identity
our sense of being male, female, some combination of the two, or neither (gender neutral)
41
gender typing
the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
42
social learning theory
theory that we learn social gender behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
43
androgyny
a blend of male and female roles
44
transgender
an umbrella term describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth-designated sex
45
adolescence
the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence
46
puberty
the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
47
identity
our sense of self; the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles
48
social identity
the "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to who am I that comes from our group memberships
49
intimacy
the ability to form emotionally close relationships
50
emerging adulthood
a period from about age 18 to the mid-twenties, when many in Western cultures are no longer adolescents but have not yet achieved full independence
51
X and Y chromosomes
the exact biological difference between men and women
52
Primary sex characteristics
the reproductive organs and external genitalia that make sexual reproduction possible 0 develop dramatically
53
Secondary sex characteristics
girls develop breasts and larger hips, boys' facial hair begins growing and their voices deepen, and public and underarm hair emerges in both girls and boys
54
spermarche
the first ejaculation in boys
55
menarche
the first menstrual period in girls
56
intersex
a condition present at birth due to unusual combinations of male and female chromosomes, hormones and anatomy; possessing biological sexual characteristics of both sexes
57
AIDS
life-threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) AIDS depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections
58
sexual orientation
our enduring sexual attraction, usually toward members of our own sex
59
menopause
when menstrual cycles end, and the ability to reproduce declines, usually within a few years of age 50
60
cross-sectional
research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time
61
longitudinal study
research that follows and retests the same people over time
62
neurocoginitive disorders
acquired (not lifelong) disorders marked by cognitive deficits
63
Alzheimer's Disease
an NCD marked by neural plaques, often with onset after age 80, and entailing a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive abilities
64
social clock
the socially accepted "right time" to leave home, get a job, get married, have kids, and retire
65
Sigmund Freud
believed that personality develops during early childhood and that childhood experiences shape our personalities as well as our behavior as adults.
66
Jean Piaget
came up with the sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages
67
Lev Vygotsky
came up with the idea of how the mind grows through interaction with physical environment
68
Harry and Margaret Harlow
did the study with the monkeys and wire and cloth "moms"
69
Konrad Lorenz
one of the founding fathers of the field of ethology, the study of animal behavior. He is best known for his research of the principle of attachment, or imprinting,
70
Mary Ainsworth
devised an experiment called the “Strange Situation” in reaction to John Bowlby's initial finding that infants form an emotional bond to its caregiver
71
Erik Erikson
developed the psychosocial model with trust v. mistrust and etc.
72
Diana Baumrind
Her major contribution was the identification of two central dimensions of parents' behavior — structured expectations and responsiveness — and the discovery that these dimensions in combination revealed three main parenting styles.
73
Carol Gilligan
spurred hundreds of researchers to reframe psychology “in a different voice.”
74
Albert Bandura
He is known as the originator of social learning theory (also known as the social cognitive theory) and the theoretical construct of self-efficacy, and is also responsible for the influential 1961 Bobo doll experiment. This Bobo doll experiment demonstrated the concept of observational learning.
75
Lawrence Kohlberg
came up with the preconventional, conventional, and postconventional stages of development

AP Psychology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions