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AP Psychology > Motivation and Emotion Vocab > Flashcards

Motivation and Emotion Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

motivation

A

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

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2
Q

instinct

A

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

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3
Q

physiological need

A

the needs for food and water

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4
Q

drive-reduction theory

A

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need and restore homeostasis

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5
Q

homeostasis

A

a sense of balance within the body (regulated temp, etc.)

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6
Q

incentive

A

positive or negative environmental stimuli that lure or repel us

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7
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

moderate arousal leads to optimal performance. optimal arousal occurs between bored low arousal and anxious hyper-arousal lies a flourishing life

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8
Q

hierarchy of needs

A

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs begins at the based with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs are addressed

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9
Q

set point

A

the point (weight) at which your weight thermostat may be set (fixed)

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10
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

the resting rate of energy expenditure for maintaining basic body functions

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11
Q

obesity

A

being overweight asf

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12
Q

sexual response cycle

A

the four stages of sexual responding: excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

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13
Q

affiliation need

A

the need to build relationships and to feel part of a group

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14
Q

ostracism

A

a deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

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15
Q

narcissism

A

a personality trait in which people feel self-important, self-focused and self-promoting

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16
Q

achievement motivation

A

a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard

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17
Q

grit

A

passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals

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18
Q

emotion

A

a response of the whole organism involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors and conscious experience

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19
Q

James-Lange theory

A

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing experience

20
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously trigger a physiological response and the subjective experience of emotion

21
Q

two-factor theory

A

our physical reactions and our thoughts (perceptions, memories and interpretations) together create emotion

22
Q

facial feedback effect

A

the tendency of facial muscle’s states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger or happiness

23
Q

behavior feedback effect

A

the tendency of behavior to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings and actions

24
Q

stress

A

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

25
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A

a three stage process that describes the physiological changes the body goes through when under stress

step 1: alarm reaction occurs as the sympathetic nervous system activates. heart rate zooms, fight or flight kicks in

step 2: higher temperature, blood pressure and respiration. adrenal glands pump hormones into bloodstream

step 3: with exhaustion, the body becomes more vulnerable to illness or could even collapse and die

26
Q

tend-and-befriend response

A

when presented with a threat, we tend to protect our young and congregate in groups for protection (befriend)

27
Q

health psychology

A

a sub-field of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine

28
Q

Type A personality

A

the most reactive, competitive, hard-driving, impatient, time-conscious, motivated, verbally aggressive and easily angered people

29
Q

type b personality

A

easygoing and relaxed people

30
Q

mindfulness meditation

A

a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner

31
Q

feel-good do-good phenomena

A

you are more likely to help others when you’re already in a good mood

32
Q

positive psychology

A

proposed the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

33
Q

adaptation-level phenomenon

A

our tendency to form judgments (of sound, lights, income) relative to a neutral level defined by our our prior experience

34
Q

relative deprivation

A

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself

35
Q

abraham maslow

A

came up with the hierarchy of needs, which are physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, self-actualization, self-transcendence

36
Q

alfred kinsey

A

Kinsey became the founding director of the new Institute for Sex Reseach (ISR), which published Sexual Behavior in the Human Male in 1948 and the complementary work, Sexual Behavior in the Human Female ,in 1953.

37
Q

william masters

A

theory of a four-stage model of sexual response (also known as, the human sexual response cycle) and their study of sexual response among the elderly.

38
Q

virginia johnson

A

theory of a four-stage model of sexual response (also known as, the human sexual response cycle) and their study of sexual response among the elderly.

39
Q

william james

A

james-lange theory, which says our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus.

40
Q

walter cannon

A

cannon-bard theory, which says that an emotion-arousing experience simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion

41
Q

stanley shachter

A

schachter-singer two factory theory of emotion, which says our physical reactions and our thoughts (perceptions, memories and interpretations) together create emotion

42
Q

richard lazarus

A

lazarus theory of emotion, which states that a thought must come before any emotion or physiological arousal

43
Q

paul ekman

A

discovered that some facial expressions of emotion are universal

44
Q

hans selye

A

Selye was the first scientist to identify ‘stress’ as underpinning the nonspecific signs and symptoms of illness.

45
Q

martin seligman

A

proposed the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

AP Psychology (11 decks)

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