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AP Psych > AP Psych Unit 6 > Flashcards

AP Psych Unit 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the capacity for long-term memory?

A

Limitless

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2
Q

Part of the brain that lays down new explicit memories (names or events)

A

Hippocampus

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3
Q

Type of memories the cerebellum form

A

Implicit memory

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4
Q

What happens to memories while we sleep?

A

Memories processed later for retrieval

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5
Q

Memories formed by the basal ganglia

A

Procedural memory for skills

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6
Q

A clear memory of an emotionally significant event or moment

A

Flashbulb memory

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7
Q

What part of the brain is involved in emotional memories, like flashbulb memories?

A

Hippocampus

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8
Q

An increase in a cell’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be the neural basis for learning and memory

A

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

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9
Q

Three measures of retention

A

Recall, recognition, relearning

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10
Q

Retrieving info that isn’t currently in your conscious awareness but was learned at an earlier time (ex. Fill in the blank)

A

Recall

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11
Q

Identifying items previously learned (ex. Multichoice question)

A

Recognition

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12
Q

Learning something a second time faster than when the material was originally used. (ex. Studying for exam)

A

Relearning

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13
Q

Showed the more frequently you practice something, the less practice you’ll need to relearn it; forgetting initially is rapid, but levels off as time goes on

A

Ebbinghaus’ Learning Experiments

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14
Q

Activation, often unconsciously, of associations in memory

A

Priming

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15
Q

What we learn in one state may be easier to remember when we are again in that state

A

State-dependent memory

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16
Q

Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent w/ one’s good or bad moods (when in bad mood we remember bad events easier)

A

Mood-congruent memory

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17
Q

People remembering things at the beginning of a list (primacy) or at the end of a list (regency) rather than the middle

A

Serial position effect

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18
Q

2 examples of retrieval cues

A

Mood and surroundings

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19
Q

Two parts of the brain that are most involved in explicit memory

A

Hippocampus and frontal lobe

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20
Q

Inability to form new memories

A

Anterograde amnesia

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21
Q

Inability to retrieve info from one’s past (monster dude)

A

Retrograde amnesia

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22
Q

Disruptive effect for prior learning on the recall of new info (not knowing your new phone # b/c you keep remembering old one)

A

Proactive interference

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23
Q

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from conscious anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories (Freud 😒)

A

Repression

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24
Q

A process in which stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again

A

Reconsolidation

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25
Q

Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event (Elizabeth Loftus)

A

Misinformation effect

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26
Q

Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined

A

Source amnesia

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27
Q

Eerie sense that “I’ve experienced this before”, cues from current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier even

A

Deja vu

28
Q

What controversy exists regarding repressed or constructed memories of abuse? (Chilton)

A

Therapist “recovered” memories

29
Q

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

A

Memory

30
Q

The processing of information into the memory system

A

Encoding

31
Q

The process of retaining encoded information overtime

A

Storage

32
Q

The process of getting info out of memory storage

A

Retrieval

33
Q

Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously

A

Parallel processing

34
Q

Immediate, very brief recording of sensory info in the memory system

A

Sensory memory

35
Q

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before info is stored or forgotten

A

Short-term memory

36
Q

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences

A

Long-term memory

37
Q

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and ‘declare’

A

Explicit memory

38
Q

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

A

Effortful processing

39
Q

Unconscious encoding of incidental info, such as space, time, and freq. as well as well-learned info, such as word meanings

A

Automatic processing

40
Q

the information that we do not store purposely and is unintentionally memorized

A

Implicit memory

41
Q

Momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second (OTTFFSSENT)

A

Iconic memory

42
Q

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

A

Echoic memory

43
Q

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

A

Chunking

44
Q

Memory aids, especially techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

A

Mnemonics

45
Q

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice

A

Spacing effect

46
Q

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information

A

Testing effect

47
Q
A
48
Q

Memory of a specific event (episode; vivid memory)

A

Episodic memory

49
Q

Skill memory (ex. typing)

A

Procedural memory

50
Q

General knowledge, facts

A

General (semantic) memory

51
Q

Elaborative rehearsal (meaning and memory demo)

A

Maintenance Rehearsal

52
Q

Improved recall of specific events when subject is in place where memory was formed (ex. Abigail cabin)

A

Context-dependent memory

53
Q

state in which one cannot quite recall a familiar word but can recall words of similar form and meaning (ex. the state capitals)

A

Tip of Tongue (TOT) phenomenon

54
Q

Remembering an event better when you’re in the same state that you were during the episode (Graham during Chilton’s sessions)

A

State-dependent memory

55
Q

Mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining and using knowledge

A

Cognition

56
Q

Manipulation of mental representations to draw inferences and conclusions

A

Thinking

57
Q

Mental category we form to group objects, events or situations that share common characteristics

A

Concept

58
Q

Natural Concept

A

Formed by everyday experiences and don’t have strict boundaries (common sense)

59
Q

Rigid rules or features that define a particular concept. (Ex. Formal definitions for solids, liquids and gases)

A

Formal Concept

60
Q

Mental representation of an object or event not physically present

A

Mental image

61
Q

A model or mental image, a typical best example of a particular thing

A

Prototype

62
Q

Narrowing problem solutions to the single best solution- focused on finding a particular answer to the problem

A

Convergent thinking

63
Q

Thinking creatively to generate as many possible answers to the problem that you can (Brainstorming)

A

Divergent Thinking

64
Q

Ability to create new and useful ideas

A

Creativity

65
Q

Expertise, imaginative thinking skills, venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, creative environment

A

5 Components of thinking

66
Q

Memory that allows for cognitive processes and contains general knowledge of information

A

Semantic memory

67
Q
A

AP Psych (9 decks)

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