apes unit 3

Question 1

world’s population #

Answer 1

7.8 billion

Question 2

global population growth rate

Answer 2

1.05%

Question 3

replacement level fertility (definition)

Answer 3

TFR necessary to keep population numbers stable

Question 4

replacement level fertility (number)

Answer 4

2.1

Question 5

TFR is lowest in countries with

Answer 5

high standards of living and low infant mortality rates

Question 6

doubling time - definition and equation to calculate

Answer 6

number of years it will take the double the population size; 70/percent population growth

Question 7

calculating percent population growth

Answer 7

70/doubling time

Question 8

crude birth rate

Answer 8

number of childbirths per 1,000 people in one year

Question 9

crude death rate

Answer 9

number of deaths per 1,000 people in one year

Question 10

natural annual rate of increase

Answer 10

difference between CBR and CDR

Question 11

malthusian theory

Answer 11

population growth will eventually become disproportionately larger than food availability, causing famine and death

Question 12

how does population growth increase the spread of disease?

Answer 12

population growth leads people to live closer to one another, which increases chances of disease spreading

Question 13

vectors and examples of vector-borne diseases

Answer 13

middleman in spread of disease (biting insect that facilitates the spread of disease from one individual to another)

ex: malaria (mosquito), bubonic plague (fleas which are found on rats and mice)

Question 14

tuberculosis

Answer 14

• bacterial infection of the lungs
• spread through air particles from cough or sneeze or contaminated milk

symptoms: persistent cough, chest pain, weakness, fatigue, weight loss, fever

• treatable and curable

Question 15

malaria

Answer 15

• best method of control is eliminating mosquito, DDT was used but has been banned in the US

Question 16

coronaviruses

Answer 16

• SARS virus (severe autoimmune respiratory syndrome virus) - personal contact, droplets from infected person’s cough or sneeze
• middle east respiratory disease (MERS)
• SARS-2
• covid 19

Question 17

zika virus

Answer 17

• spread through sexual contact or mosquitoes
• mild symptoms: rash, fever, red eyes

Question 18

west nile virus

Answer 18

• primarily infects birds but can affect mammals and other humans
• ## first detected in the west nile district in uganda

Question 19

tragedy of the commons

Answer 19

idea that there are certain resources that earth naturally provides that no one particular individual or group controls (making it a common)

when one person takes too much of their share, commons are compromised

Question 20

examples of “commons”

Answer 20

fisheries of valuable fish, water supply,

Question 21

tragedy of commons are most likely to be….

Answer 21

vast, publicly owned resources that are likely to be exploited

Question 22

stage 1 (preindustrial) of demographic transition of an actively developing country

Answer 22

• high birth rate, short life expectancy and high death rate (both offset each other); population growth is unstable

Question 23

stage 2 (transitional) of demographic transition of an actively developing country

Answer 23

as nation develops, better living conditions and healthcare cause decline in death rates and exponential growth

Question 24

stage 3 (industrial) of demographic transition of an actively developing country

Answer 24

development, industrialization, contraception lead to a decrease in birth rates

Question 25

stage 4 (post industrial) of demographic transition of an actively developing country

Answer 25

birth rate becomes equal to death rate (zero growth rate) and population becomes stable

Question 26

max reproductive rate of an organism assuming all conditions are optimal higher for which strategist?

Answer 26

biotic potential - higher for r-selected species

Question 28

ages in pre-reproductive age cohort

Answer 28

0-14

Question 29

ages in reproductive age cohort

Answer 29

15-44

Question 30

post reproductive age cohort

Answer 30

45 and up

Question 31

qualities of a industrializing country (as shown on an age diagram)

Answer 31

- high birth rate - pre rep rates are high and decrase - still industrializing if consistently decreases, still industrializing bc not enough resources to accomodate

Question 32

qualities of an industrializing (a little more) country (as shown on an age diagram)

Answer 32

pre-rep and rep rates are similar but rep rates are still low

Question 33

qualities of a industrialized country (as shown on an age diagram)

Answer 33

- population growth is stable - stable population size - health care and education are accessible

Question 34

qualities of an extremely industrialized country (as shown on an age diagram)

Answer 34

- birth rate is low bc of other opportunities + life expectancy increased due to advancements in medicine

Question 35

formula for percent growth rate of a population (another one)

Answer 35

(CBR-CDR)/10

Question 36

infant mortality rate

Answer 36

death of children under 1 per 1000 live births

Question 37

3 examples of density dependent factors

Answer 37

resource (food and space availability), presence of disease, increased predation

Question 38

3 population density independent factors

Answer 38

pollution, natural disasters, effects of anthropogenic activity

Question 39

thomas malthus theory

Answer 39

- unlimited resources --> human population will achieve j-shaped curve - war, famine, and disease will control size of human population - there ARE enough resources to accommodate for everyone, disproportionate distribution is what causes starvation

Question 40

strategies for population sustainability

Answer 40

better healthcare to promote longer lifespan, restrictions on childbirth/incentivizing having fewer children, better health education and sex ed, provide better education opportunities to women

Question 41

calculating birth rate

Answer 41

total births/total population X 100