apes unit 4 Flashcards
Strategies introduced for crop yield during the Green Revolution
- GMOs
- new equipment
- use of pesticides
Pros and cons of GMOS
- they can grow in conditions that would otherwise be impossible to grow within
- may be resistant to herbicides, more capable of outcompeting
cons:
- may be released into natural ecosystems and become exotic species
two methods of sustainable food prod. and use
- vegetarian diet:
less energy (land use per calorie) to produce because composed of foods on low trophic levels that don’t require much energy to produce
cons: ppl are prone to malnutrition due to lack of variety (missing nutrients)
- locally sourced food:
- supporting local farmers
- more transparent info about the growing/harvesting process of the food
cons:
- restrictions to local areas (particularly in populous cities) runs the risk of lack of resource to accomodate for everyone’s needs
pros and cons of chemical pest control (use of pesticides)
- can be extremely effective in targeting harmful pests quickly
cons:
- may harm nontarget species and kill natural predators/orgaanisms that are essential to the environment and disrupt the stability
pros and cons of biological pest control (introduction of species that partciularly target pest species)
- pests are kept in check naturally and little maintenence is required
cons:
if not conducted and executed properly species may become pest species itself
natural pest control methods
intercropping with pest controlling plants, spread of organic pheromones to disrupt mating and reprod of pests
pros and cons of CAFOs (concentrated animal feeding operations)
pros: can be effective in producing a large amount of food quickly
cons:
high density in enclosed space = less sanitary conditions and animals are more likely to become ill
how does the administration of antibiotics in CAFOs pose a threat to animal health
leads to the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria (which is passed through meat products to humans)
trawling
boat drags a funnel shaped net on ocean floor which scoops up anything it encounters
long lines
hooks placed at the end of lines and are reeled out from back of boat, depth adjusted according to type of fish being caught
drift nets
sort of like installing a fence within water to capture anything within it
aquaculture
CAFOs of marine life/marine food products.
what are tectonic plates and what layer of the earth is involved with them
lithosphere; slabs of rock floating above the the mantle
mantle and why is it liquid
liquid magma (liquid bc of heat given off by earth’s core)
earth’s core is made up of..
iron, nickel, and other radioactive elements
what causes divergent plates to move away from one another
particularly hot portion of the surface due to rising magma
divergent plates are typically found where (oceanic or continental)
oceanic plates
what happens when two plates (one continental and one oceanic) collide
ocean is more dense so gets subducted (goes under the continental plate) — forces magma up for volcanic mountain ranges
what happens in transform plates
sliding past each other – release energy and cause earthquake
where do the mineral components of soil come from
weathering of rock
o horizon
organic matter — plant roots, decomposed biomass, leaves, etc
a horizon (topsoil) characteristics
inorganic and organic matter (phosphorous, pore space, water), most intense biological activity
b horizon
mainly contains nutrients needed for plant growth
c horizon
rocks of parent material that have not weathered
