apes unit 6

Question 1

what two major forms does energy exist in

Answer 1

potential and kinetic

Question 2

kinetic + potential energy

Answer 2

mechanical energy

Question 3

what is the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 3

the amount of energy in the universe is constant

Question 4

what is the second law of thermodyanmics

Answer 4

related to entropy; energy is moving from organized to disorganized

Question 5

give the 4 main nonrenewable forms of energy

Answer 5

coal, natural oil, gas, nuclear

Question 6

largest reserve of coal is located in..

Answer 6

china and united states

Question 7

largest reserve of oil is located in…

Answer 7

saudi arabia

Question 8

gas

Answer 8

russia

Question 9

describe the formation of coal

Answer 9

1) heat and pressure increase and moisture content of compressed plant material decreases

Question 10

how is coal’s energy released

Answer 10

coal is burned at high temperatures to heat water

Question 11

name every major pollutant released by the combustion of fossil fuels

Answer 11

carbon dioxide, particulate matter, sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, heavy metals, arsenic, lead, mercury

Question 12

most notable tool to mitigate the production of sulfur

Answer 12

wet scrubbers

Question 13

most notable tool to mitigate the production of particulate matter

Answer 13

electrostatic generators

Question 14

most notable tool to mitigate the production of nitrous oxides

Answer 14

selective catalytic reduction

Question 15

where is crude oil extracted from

Answer 15

tar sands

Question 16

what is natural gas composed of

Answer 16

methane, propane, ethane, buthane

Question 17

natural gas is a major source of what GHG

Answer 17

methane

Question 18

what is a half-life

Answer 18

the time it takes for half of a radioactive element to decay into another one

Question 19

major nuclear power plant accidents (there are 3)

Answer 19

three mile island in penn, chernobyl in russia, fukushima daiichi power plant in japan

Question 20

what is the fundamental harm of the release of nuclear energy

Answer 20

radioactive waste

Question 21

how is nuclear energy produced

Answer 21

neutron breaks the nuclear of an atom and releases energy

Question 22

what is biomass and what are its characteristics

Answer 22

• wood, peat, charcoal
• used in developing countries,
• produces carbon and particulate matter

Question 23

three types of coal

Answer 23

lignite: low heat content, low sulfur
bituminous: high heat content, high sulfur
anthracite: high heat content, low sulfur

Question 24

how is natural gas released

Answer 24

fracking: drill into the ground, inject water and chemicals, shatter rock where gas is to release gas

Question 25

how to power plants work

Answer 25

1) coal burned --- produces steam 2) steam used to spin turbine 3) mechanical energy from turbine moves to generator to produce energy

Question 26

what is used to to convert solar energy into electrivity

Answer 26

photovoltaic cells

Question 27

how does passive solar energy work

Answer 27

immediate use of solar energy in building practices (clear windows, darker surfaces in home to absorb and release heat)

Question 28

benefits of using solar energy

Answer 28

- no pollutants are released - habitats are preserved - efficient

Question 29

how does hydroelectric power work

Answer 29

wind from movement of water in dams spins turbines to generate electricity

Question 30

cons of dams

Answer 30

- reduces water in some agricultural areas - disruption of aquatic ecosystems

Question 31

how does wind power work

Answer 31

energy from moving air spins turbine to produce electricity

Question 32

cons of wind turbines

Answer 32

- materials to produce are nonrecycleable - blades threaten safety of species flying

Question 33

what is geothermal energy

Answer 33

energy from below earth's surface

Question 34

how does geothermal energy work

Answer 34

pipe line is installed in a hot spot to heat water which is converted to steam steam to used to power electric generator - expensive - occurs in iceland (and places where there is divergent boundary and plate tectonic activity)

Question 35

anaerobic digestion produces what

Answer 35

methane gas

Question 36

how do hydrogen fuel cells work

Answer 36

hydrogen gas enters a cell-splits into protons and electrons, electrons create energy, protons move across membrane, both reunite to produce water