apgar score lactation menopause Flashcards
Apgar score - use
assessment of newborn vital sign following labor vua a 10 point scale evaluated at 1 minute and 5 minutes
Apgar score is based on
Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration
Apgar score - score for appearance
pink –> 2
extremities blue –> 1
pale or blue –> 0
Apgar score - score for Pulse
more than 100 –> 2
less than 100 –> 1
no pulse –> 0
Apgar score - score for Grimace
cries and pulls away –> 2
Grimaces or weak cry –> 1
no response to stimulation –> 0
Apgar score - score for Activity
active movement –> 2
arms, legs flexed –> 1
no movement –> 0
Apgar score - score for Respiration
strong cry –> 2
slow irregular –> 1
no breathing –> 0
Apgar score - management/evaluation/meaning
if less than 7 –> further evaluation
if remains low at later time points –> increased risk to develop long-term neurological damage
Low birth weight definition
less than 2500 g
mechanism of low birth weight
preamaturity or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
2 causes of low birth weight
- cocaine
2. smoking
Leading cause of low birth weight in developed countries
smoking
Complications of low birth weight
- high risk of sudden infant death (SIDS)
- impaired thermoregulation
- impaired immune function
- hypoglycemia
- polycythemia
- impaired neurocognitive/emotional development
- infections
- respiratory distress syndrome
- necrotizing enetrocolitis
- intraventricular haemorrhage
- persistent fetal circulation
breast/lactation during pregnancy
- Estrogens + progesterone stimulate growth and development of breasts during pregnancy
- prolactin levels increase during prengncy because estrogen stimulate anterior pituitary
- lactation does not occut because estrogne and progesterone blocks prolactin’s action on the breast
lactation after the labor
the low levels of pregnancy and estrogen disinhibit lactation
