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Reproductive > male physiology - Tanner stages > Flashcards

male physiology - Tanner stages Flashcards

1
Q

types of androgens

A
  1. testosterone
  2. dihydrotestosterone (DTH)
  3. androstenedione
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2
Q

androgens - source

A

DHT and testosterone –> testis

androstenedione –> adrenals

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3
Q

androgens - potency of each (in order)

A
  1. DHT
  2. Testosterone
  3. androstenedione
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4
Q

testosterone action

A
  1. differentiation of internal genitalia except prostate (epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles)
  2. Growth spurt (penis, seminal vesivels, sperm, muscles, RBCs
  3. deeping voice
  4. Closing of epiphyseal plates (via estrogen converted from testosterone)
  5. libido
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5
Q

hormones- ephipheseal plates closing in males

A

estrogen bia testosterone conversion

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6
Q

dihydrotestosterone (DTH) action

A

early –> differentiation of penis, scrotum prostate

late –> prostate growth, balding, sebaceous gland activity

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7
Q

testosterone is converted to DHT by …., which is inhibited by

A

5-a reductase

inhibited by finasteride

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8
Q

production of estrogens in males

A

androgens are converted to estrogen by cytochrome P-450 aroatase (adipose tissue and testis)

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9
Q

exogenous testosterone action on axon

A

inhibition of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis –> decreased intratesticular testosterone –>decreased testicular size –> azoospermia

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10
Q

azoospermia

A

absence of motile (and hence viable) sperm in the semen.

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11
Q

spermatogenesis increases at … with ….

A

puberty with spermatogonia

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12
Q

spermatogenesis - full development takes (time)

A

2 months

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13
Q

gametes - types/definition/origin

A

types: 1. Oocytes 2. Spermatozoa
they are descendants of primordial germ cells that originate in the wall of yolk sac of the embryo –> migrate into the gonadal cells

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14
Q

spermatogenesis - location

A

seminiferous tubules

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15
Q

phases of spermatogenesis

A
  1. Spermatocytogenesis
  2. Meiosis
  3. Spermiogenesis
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16
Q

spermatogenesis - spernaticytogenesis?

A

primordial cells (2N,2C) yolk sac to testis (wk 6th) –> spermatogonium (2N, 2C) -> remain dormant until puberty

17
Q

spermatogenesis - meiosis

A

at puberty –> through Blood testis barrier –> meiosis –> 1ry spermatocytes (2N,4C) (46 sister chromatids X-X, Y-Y) –> 2ry spermatocytes (23 sister chromatids, X-X or Y-Y)
–> meiosis II –> spermatid (1N,1C)

18
Q

spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis

A

spermatid –> mature spermatozoon

loss of cytoplasmic contains, gain of acrosomal cap

19
Q

spermatogenesis - all cells and DNA status

A

primordial cells (2N,2C) –> spermatogonia (2N,2C) –> type B spermatogonia (2N,2C) –> 1ry spermatocytes (2N,4C) –> 2ry spermatocytes (1N,2C) –> spermatids (1N,2C)

20
Q

mature spermatozoon dna status and structure

A
  • 1N,1C
  • Head with acrosome, and nucleus in head
  • neck, and then middle piece and tail
21
Q

impaired tail motility - seen in/results

A

seen in ciliary dyskinesia/kartegener

infertility

22
Q

Tanner stages is a

A

a scale of physical development in children, adolescents and adults.

23
Q

Tanner stages is assigned independently to

A 
independently to:
1. genitalia
2. pubic hair 
3. breast 
(person can have Tanner 2 genitalia, Tunner stage 3 pubic hair
24
Q

Tanner stages - stage I (male and female)

A

PRE-pubertal

female: no sexual hair, flat appearing chest with raised nipple
male: no sexual hair

25
Q

Tanner stages - stage II (male and female)

A

female: pubic hair appears (pubarche), Breast bub forms (thelarche)
male: pubic hair appears (pubarche), testicular enlargement

26
Q

Tanner stages - stage III (male and female)

A

female: coarsening of pubic hair, breast enlarges, mound forms
male: coarsening of pubic hair, increase penis size/length

27
Q

Tanner stages - stage IV (male and female)

A

female: Coarse hair across pubis, sparing thigh, breast enlarges, raised areola, mound on mound
male: Coarse hair across pubis, sparing thigh, increase penis width/glans

28
Q

Tanner stages - stage V (male and female)

A

female: Coarse hair across pubis and medial thigh, adult breast contour, areola flattens
male: Coarse hair across pubis and medial thigh, penis and testis enlarge to adult size

29
Q

Thelarche?

A

onset of female breast development

30
Q

Pubarche?

A

the first appearance of pubic hair in a child

31
Q

Prostate - lymph drainage

A

Internal iliac

Reproductive (20 decks)

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