ovarian cancer

Question 1

increased risk for ovarian neoplasm

Answer 1

1. advanced age
2. infertility
3. endometriosis
4. Polysystic ovarian syndrome
5. genetics (BRCA1/2 Lynch syndrome, family history)

Question 2

decreased risk for ovarian neoplasm

Answer 2

1. previous pregnancies
2. history of breastfeeding
3. OCPs
4. tubal ligation

Question 3

ovarian neoplasm - presentation

Answer 3

1. adxenal mass
2. abdominal distention
3. bowel obsruction
4. pleural effusion

Question 4

malignant Ovarian neoplasms

Answer 4

1. Granulosa cell tumor
2. serous cystednocarcinoma
3. Mucinous cystedonacarcinoma
4. immature teratoma
5. yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor
6. Krukenber tumor
7. dysgerminoma

Question 5

MC malignant ovarian neoplasm

Answer 5

serous cystednocarcinoma

Question 6

serous cystednocarcinoma - histology/characteristics

Answer 6

frequent bilateral

psammoma bodies

Question 7

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma - characteristics

Answer 7

pseudomyxoma peritonei-intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous material

Question 8

pseudomyxoma peritonei - definition/due to

Answer 8

intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous material from ovarian or appendiceal tumor

Question 9

Krunkenberg tumor?

Answer 9

GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovaries –> mucin-secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma

Question 10

Dysgerminoma - epidemiology/equivalent

Answer 10

Most common in adolcents. Equivalent to male seminoma (but rarer). 1% of all ovarian tumors, 30% of germ cell tumors

Question 11

Dysgerminoma - histology and markers

Answer 11

sheets of uniform fried egg cells
hCG
LDH

Question 12

MC maligntn stromal tumor

Answer 12

Granulosa cell tumor

Question 13

Granulosa cell tumor - epidemiology/presentation

Answer 13

predominalty women in their 50s
often produces estrogen and/or progesterone –> postmenopausal bleeding, sexual precocity (in a adolescent), breast tenderness

Question 14

Sexual precocity?

Answer 14

appearance of secondary sexual characteristics before the lower limit of the normal age for pubertal onset

Question 15

Granulosa cell tumor - histology

Answer 15

Call Exner bodies - granoulosa cells arranged haphazardly around collections of eosinphilic fluid, resembling primordial follicles)

Question 16

ovarian Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor - location/epidemiology

Answer 16

Aggressiveness in ovaries or testes and sacrococcygeal area in young children

Question 17

Most common tumor in male infants

Answer 17

testicular Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor

Question 18

0varian Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor - marker

Answer 18

AFP

Question 19

ovarian Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor - appearance

Answer 19

• yellow, friable (hemorrhagic) sold mass

- 50% have Schiller-Duval bodies (resmble glomeruli)

Question 20

ovarian neoplasm with LDH

Answer 20

Dysgerminoma

Question 21

immature tetratoma - histology

Answer 21

contains fetal tissue, neuroectoderm

- typically immature /embrionic like neural tissue

Question 22

immature tetratoma - aggressiveness/age

Answer 22

aggressive

postmenopausal

Question 23

malignant Ovarian neoplasms - age

Answer 23

1. Granulosa cell tumor –> postmenopausal (maybe pre adolscents)
2. serous cystednocarcinoma
3. Mucinous cystedonacarcinoma
4. immature teratoma –> commonly diagnosed after menopause
5. yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor –> young children
6. Krukenber tumor
7. dysgerminoma –> adolescent