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Aphasia & Other Adult Language Disorders > Aphasia Part 1 > Flashcards

Aphasia Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

aphasia

A

a language disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language, typically located in the left side (hemisphere) of the brain

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2
Q

the disorder impairs both the ___ and ___ of language, as well as ___ and ___

A

expression, understanding
reading, writing

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3
Q

more people have aphasia than have many other common conditions including…

A
  • cerebral palsy
  • multiple sclerosis
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • muscular dystrophy
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4
Q

aphasia is an ___ disorder

A

acquired

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5
Q

etiologies for aphasia

A

stroke, tumor, trauma

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6
Q

acquired disorder

A

caused by brain damage occurring after language has developed

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7
Q

difficulty with the mental processes of…

A

comprehending symbols and retrieving them

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8
Q

impairment of complex functions which are between…

A

input and output transmission and involve processes shared by the individual transmission channels

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9
Q

aphasia is a disorder of…

A

propositional language

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10
Q

propositional utterances

A

a creative formulation of words with specific and appropriate regard to the situation

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11
Q

automized sequences

A

counting, alphabet, etc.

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12
Q

memorized sequences

A

prayer or song

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13
Q

recurrent social speech

A

“hi, how are you?”

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14
Q

emotional speech

A

profanity, may be what’s left in their inventory due to frustrations and intuitive response

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15
Q

non-propositional language

A
  • automized sequences
  • memorized sequences
  • recurrent social speech
  • emotion speech
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16
Q

aphasia is a language disorder that happens when you have…

A

brain damage

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17
Q

aphasia does not…

A

make less smart or cause problems with the way you think

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18
Q

aphasia symptoms

A
  • not all the same symptoms
  • as patient recovers, early symptoms may lessen or disappear and others will take their place
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19
Q

symptoms of aphasia: spoken language

A

anomia

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20
Q

anomia

A
  • general term referring to difficulty finding a word
  • does not refer to retrieved words that are articulated poorly
  • includes errors of omission and commission
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21
Q

omission

A

intended word cannot be produced (aggramatism)

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22
Q

commission

A

mistakes in word selections

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23
Q

anomia vs. circumlocution

A
  • anomia: negative symptom which arises from a malfunctioning system
  • circumlocution: positive system which arises from language mechanisms that remain unimpaired
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24
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

area for phonologic output lexicon, damage causes neologisms and semantic paraphasia’s

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25
Q

inferior temporal lesions

A

affects ability to access nouns

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26
Q

verb generation (from reading studies)

A

activation of left inferior front gyrus, left cingulate gyrus and right cerebellum

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27
Q

left prefrontal cortex appears to moderate semantic judgment and mediate semantic selection…

A

among competing alternatives in working memory rather than just mere retrieval of semantic knowledge

28
Q

paraphasias

A

symptom of commission in that an incorrect word is substituted for an intended or targeted word

29
Q

paraphasias identified in terms of the linguistic relationship between…

A

the spoken incorrect word and the target

30
Q

paraphasias context aids

A

in identification of target

31
Q

types of paraphasias

A
  • phonemic
  • verbal
  • unrelated
32
Q

paraphasia types are best revealed when…

A

the patient is asked to name an object, repeat, or read aloud

33
Q

phonemic

A

literal paraphasias

34
Q

phonemic paraphasias involve substitution, addition, or rearrangment of…

A

speech sounds so that the errors can be identified as sounding like target, correct word but put together poorly

35
Q

verbal paraphasias

A

based on semantic relationship

36
Q

semantic/related

A

word substitution bears a relationship with targetd

37
Q

semantic/related paraphasias may reflect difficulties…

A

at a deeper level of the word retrieval process
(unable to retrieve target word at that particular moment)

38
Q

unrelated paraphasias

A

no semantic relationship

39
Q

neologisms

A

fluently spoken word form which can’t be identified as coming from patient’s language or any other language

40
Q

unrelated paraphasias appears as an invented word, but does not have ___

A

intentionality

41
Q

2 stages of error process for unrelated paraphasias

A

1st stage- lexical selection error
2nd stage- subsequent phonemic distortion

42
Q

agrammatism

A
  • inadequacies of sentence production
  • content words produced, however function words (ex: articles, verb auxiliaries, prepositions, etc.) omitted
  • grammatical detail dropped (bound, morphemes such as for pluralization, tense, subject-verba agreement)
  • telegraphic speech
  • associated with non-fluency, apraxia of speech often accompanies agrammatism
43
Q

paragrammatism

A
  • symptom of commission
  • mistakes made in the use of grammatical elements instead of being omitted
44
Q

jargon

A
  • lengthy, fluently articulated utterances which make little or no sense to the listener
  • many paraphasic errors
  • tendency for speaking to talk another speaker has relinquished turn, press for speech
45
Q

types of jargon

A
  • neologistic
  • semantic
  • phonemic
46
Q

verbal stereotypy

A

produced involuntarily

47
Q

produced involuntarily

A

restricted language forms

48
Q

types of verbal stereotypy

A
  • yes/no
  • bland statements (I think so, maybe, etc.)
  • swearing
  • nondictionary
49
Q

nondictionary

A
  • 1 syllable repetition, iterative stereotypy
  • unrecognizable work form
  • what is on the mind of the patient at time of stroke
50
Q

written language

A
  • agraphia/paragraphias
  • graphic word retrieval errors
  • writing skill varies widely within normal population
  • hemiplegia/use of non-dominant hand, linguistic symptoms may be masked
  • problems transcoding phonemes to graphemes
  • writing important modality for dx of mild aphasia
  • this modality tends to be a more limiting channel
51
Q

agraphia/paragraphias

A

patterns similar to speaking component

52
Q

writing skill (including sentence structure and spelling) varies widely within normal population

A
  • education level
  • vocation
  • cultural experience
53
Q

auditory comprehension

A
  • may be masked by appropriate social speech
  • have to have auditory memory to complete auditory comprehension tasks
54
Q

partial auditory imperception

A
  • slow rise time
  • noise build up
  • retention deficit in STM
55
Q

reading

A
  • visual dyslexia
  • surface dyslexia
  • deep dyslexia
  • paralexias
  • acquired dyslexia
56
Q

visual dyslexia

A

problems with visual perception of letters

57
Q

surface dyslexia

A

problems transcoding graphemes into phonemes, revealed when pt has difficulty selecting from words that sound alike

58
Q

deep dyslexia

A

problems with semantic interpretation, inferred from errors in choosing words that are similar

59
Q

paralexias

A

oral reading errors

60
Q

acquired dyslexia

A

a type of aphasia, where someone who is a normal reader (i.e. has difficulty reading) after brain damage

61
Q

preservation

A
  • symptom of brain damage not unique to aphasia
  • recurrence, out of context and in the absence of the original stimulus, of some behavioral act
  • repeated responses occur involuntarily and often when patient is fatigued or frustrated with a task
62
Q

awareness and self correction

A
  • anosognosia
  • almost always accompanies jargon
  • those who are aware of problem/recognize specific errors are considered to show more favorable signs of recovery
63
Q

aphasia syndromes

A
  • fluent aphasias
  • non-fluent aphasias
64
Q

fluent aphasias

A
  • Wernicke’s aphasia
  • transcortical sensory
  • conduction aphasia
  • anomic aphasia
65
Q

non-fluent aphasias

A
  • Broca’s aphasia
  • transcortical motor
  • isolation transcortical mixed
  • global aphasia

Aphasia & Other Adult Language Disorders (12 decks)

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