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Aphasia & Other Adult Language Disorders > Etiologies of Aphasia > Flashcards

Etiologies of Aphasia Flashcards

1
Q

1 cause of aphasia

A

stroke

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2
Q

secondary etiologies

A
  • tumor
  • trauma
  • anoxia
  • infections
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3
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

disruption of blood flow to the brain

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4
Q

2 types of CVAs

A
  1. ischemic (occlusive)
  2. hemorrhagic
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5
Q

ischemic (occlusive) CVA

A

too little blood supply or no blood to parts of the brain (blockage)

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6
Q

hemorrhagic CVA

A

too much blood supplied to the brain (rupture)

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7
Q

identifying stroke

A

act F.A.S.T.
- Face, Arms, Speech, Time

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8
Q

identifying stroke: face

A
  • ask the person to smile
  • does one side of the face droop?
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9
Q

identifying stroke: arms

A
  • ask the person to raise both arms
  • does one arm drift downward?
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10
Q

identifying stroke: speech

A
  • ask the person to repeat a simple sentence
  • are the words slurred? can he/she repeat the sentence correctly?
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11
Q

identifying stroke: time

A
  • if person shows any of these symptoms, time is important
  • call 911 or get to the hospital fast because brain cells are dying
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12
Q

1st type of stroke, ischemic

A
  • reduced or block of blood flow caused by an occlusion of an artery supplying the brain
  • more common than hemorrhagic
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13
Q

2 causes of an ischemic stroke

A
  1. thrombosis
  2. embolism
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14
Q

thrombus

A
  • one or more clots formed inside your blood vessels
  • when this happens, the clot can block blood flow where it formed, or it can break loose and move to somewhere else in your body
  • if a moving clot gets stuck in a critical area, this can cause deadly conditions like stroke and heart attack
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15
Q

most common cause of infarction

A

thrombus

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16
Q

a thrombosis can take minutes, weeks, or months, to form an…

A

occlusion

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17
Q

stationary blood clot (thombus) forms in an artery also…

A

obstructs the canal

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18
Q

fatty deposits adhere to thombus until…

A

blood has difficulty going past or complete obstruction occurs

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19
Q

warning signs of thrombosis

A
  • sudden, transient blurring or loss of vision
  • weakness (motor) or numbness (sensory) on one side of the body
  • difficulty with speech
  • vertigo (dizziness)
  • diplopia (double vision)
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20
Q

embolism

A
  • blood clot that originates in anotehr part of the circulatory system
  • travels through the system to block an artery supplying the brain
21
Q

most common source of embolism is the…

A

heart (atrial fibrillation)

22
Q

clinical onset of embolic stroke is different from ischemic because…

A

the clot is formed elsewhere

23
Q

maximum neurologic deficits from embolism takes ___ time

A

less (seconds/minutes)

24
Q

embolism often has no warning signs, though occasionally, there are…

A

bruits, gurgly noises in arteries of the neck can be heard (due to obstructions passing through)

25
Q

aphasia results from the occlusion of the ___ ___ ___ or ___ ___ ___

A

middle carotid artery, internal carotid artery

26
Q

necrose

A

deprivation of blood flow causes an ear of the brain cells to die

27
Q

infarct

A

necrotic tissue

28
Q

ischemia refers to the

A

occlusion (cause)

29
Q

infarction refers to the

A

damaged tissue (effect)

30
Q

edema

A
  • upon occurrence of a stroke, there is a swelling of necrotic tissue and surrounding grey matter
  • reaches its maximum in a few days and may produce a corresponding increase in neurologic deficit
31
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A
  • also known as ministrokes
  • temporary period of symptoms similar to those in a stroke
32
Q

TIA is caused by a…

A

temporary decrease in blood supply to part of the brain, which may last as little as 5 minutes

33
Q

warning signs for TIA indicate…

A

the process of plaque formation and a stroke may be underway

34
Q

TIAs usually come to an end in…

A

less than 30 minutes, but are defined as being completed within 24 hours

35
Q

not all cases of thrombosis are preceded by…

A

these transient events

36
Q

___ of individuals will have TIA and nothing else, ___ will have additional episodes with no further damage, ___ will have strokes

A

1/3, 1/3, 1/3

37
Q

2nd stroke type, hemorrhagic (rupture)

A

bursting artery that causes blood to escapt onto areas of the brain’s surface or into brain tissue

38
Q

aneurysm

A
  • dilated blood vessel that can vary from the size of a pea to that of an orange
  • stretches and weakness the vessel wall
  • ruptures producing an excruciating headache, nausea, vomiting
39
Q

medication intervention for aneurysm if it is accessible is “trapping”

A

application of clips on both sides, cut the aneurysm/pack muscle around it or spray it with plastic or prevent rupture

40
Q

hemorrhage

A
  • occurs when a blood vessel wall breaks and floods the surrounding tissue with blood
  • accumulation of blood (hematoma) acts as a rapidly expanding mass which displaces and compresses adjacent structures
41
Q

depending on its location, the hematoma may…

A

compress arteries and/or cranial nerves

42
Q

hematomas are usually associated with…

A

hypertension, ruptured aneurysms, or ateriovenous

43
Q

arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

A
  • disrupts the blood flow
  • relatively rare
  • between age 25-45, most common cause of hemorrhagic strokes
44
Q

intracerebral hemorrhage

A
  • invades tissue within the brain
  • size and location of the hematoma determines the clinical manifestations
45
Q

if intracerebral hemorrhage occurs where sensory-motor fibers converge,…

A

this can be devastating

46
Q

for intracerebral hemorrhage, clinical manifestations occur…

A

suddenly, without warning and often during activity

47
Q

hematoma manifestations

A
  • severe headache and prominent early clinical symptom
  • nausea, vomiting
  • 1/2 patients los consciousness within minutes to hours after onset
48
Q

symptoms of hematoma manifestations

A

often progress rapidly and may include hemiplegia/hemianesthesia

49
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A
  • occurs underneath arachnoid meningial layer
  • often caused by a ruptured aneurysm at the base of the brain
  • may also be induced by trauma
  • surgical evacuation when possible

Aphasia & Other Adult Language Disorders (12 decks)

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