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Appendicular Bone Flashcards

1
Q

The appendicular skeleton is composed of

A

Bones that attach to upper and lower limbs and bones that attach to the limbs of the axial skeleton

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2
Q

What are the bones found in the upper and lower limbs

A

Humerus
Ulna
Carpal bones
Bones of the hand

Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Patella
Taraal bones
Bones of the foot

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3
Q

What are the bones that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton

A

Shoulder girdle - clavicle and scapula
Pelvic girdle - os coxae

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4
Q

When does appendicular skeleton develop

A

Before birth

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5
Q

Appendicular skeleton development continues to early adulthood and completes around what age?

A

25

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6
Q

Anchor the upper limb to the axial skeleton and facilitates movement of the upper limb

Serve as attachment sites for muscles that move shoulder and arm

A

Shoulder girdle

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7
Q

What bones compose the shoulder girdle

A

Clavicle and scapula

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8
Q

A loosely anchored S shape bone and known as the collar bone

A

Clavicle

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9
Q

The clavicle articulates medially with manubrium of sternum Wich forms what?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

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10
Q

The clavicle articulates laterally with the acromion of scapula to form what?

A

The acromioclavicular joint

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11
Q

It is located in the posterior shoulder

A

Scapula

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12
Q

The glenoid cavity articulates with the humerus to form the

A

glenohumeral joint

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13
Q

The 3 borders of the scapula

A

Superior, medial and lateral borders

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14
Q

What are the bones found in the arm

A

Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpal bones
Metacarpal bones of the hands
Phalanges of the fingers

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15
Q

Multiple sites for muscles attachment and it’s distal ends form at the elbow

A

Humerus

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16
Q

What are the boney markings of the humerus

A

Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
Greater and lesser tubercles
Intertubercular bicipital groove
Body(shaft) of the humerus
Medial and lateral epicondyles
Coronoid and radial fossa

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17
Q

It is the medial bone of antebrachial region and the proximal end resembles a C and allows hinge-like motion of the forearm

A

Ulna

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18
Q

Lateral bone of the antebrachial region Wich rotates around the ulna to allow pronation and supination of the forearm

A

Radius

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19
Q

Proximal row (lateral to medial) bones of the wrist(Carpals)

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

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20
Q

bones of the wrist (Carpals)Distal row (lateral to medial)

A

Trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

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21
Q

How many metacarpals and phalanges are there in the hand

A

Five metacarpals
Fourteen phalanges

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22
Q

What bones form the pelvis

A

2 hip bones (coxae)
The sacrum
The coccyx

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23
Q

It is a largely immobile and weight lifting structure

A

Pelvis

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24
Q

The Os coxae is formed by these three bones

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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25
It is anchored anteriorly by the pubic symphisis and is anchored posteriorly to the sacrum
Os coxae
26
It is a large fan shaped superior portion the os coxae and is a large muscle attachment sites that moves lower extremities
Ilium
27
It is the posterior portion of the Os coxae and is a large muscle attachment Site
Ischium
28
It is the anterior portion of the Os coxae
Pubis
29
Forms at fusion site of ilium, pubis and ischium
Acetabulum
30
Large openings filled with connective tissue that allows nerves to pass through and reach the anterior leg
Obturator foramen
31
Divides greater pelvis from lesser pelvis
Pelvic brim
32
Lies superior to lesser pelvis
Greater pelvis
33
The Greater pelvis contains mainly ______
Abdominal organs
34
Contains the bladder the rectum and reproductive organs
Lesser pelvis
35
Is the roof of the lesser pelvis
Pelvic inlet
36
Is the floor of the lesser pelvis
Pelvic outlet
37
What sex has a larger and heavier pelvis
Male
38
What sex has a pelvis that is wider, shallower and the pelvic inlet is oval and rounded
Female
39
What are the bones found in the leg
Femur Tibia Fibula Tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges of the foot
40
The longest and strongest bone in the body that is found in the thigh region
Femur
41
Medial and lateral condyles articulate to form a ________
Knee joint
42
It is the largest and the only sesamoid bone found in the body. It increases leverage power of thigh muscles
Patella
43
These bones are found in the lower leg
Tibia and fibula
44
It is the medial bone in the lower leg
Tibia
45
It is the lateral bone in the lower leg
Fibula
46
What are the proximal row of tarsals
Talus Calcaneus Navicular
47
What are the distal rows of tarsals
Cuboid Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform
48
These make up the arch of the foot and are numbered 1-5 starting at the medial side of the foot
Metatarsals
49
How many phalanges are there in toes
14
50
Only has proximal and distal phalanges
Hallux
51
Helps the bones of the foot distribute and absorb the force of impact
Arches of the foot
52
What are the 3 arches of the foot
Medial longitudinal arch Lateral longitudinal arch Transverse arch
53
Sites where bones and cartilage form a connection Also known as an articulation or arthrosis
Joints
54
This way to classify a joint is based on the structure that connects the articulating surfaces of bones
Structural
55
This way to classify joints Is based on the amount of movement between articulating bones
Functional
56
Joined by fibrous connective tissue
Fibrous
57
Joined by cartilage like hyaline and fibrocartilage
Cartilaginous
58
Joined within a fluid filled joint cavity and is the most common joint
Synovial
59
Little to no movement
Synarthrosis
60
Slight movement
Amphiarthrosis (Pubic symphisis, intervertebral discs)
61
Significant movement
Diarthrosis
62
Movement in one plane
Uniaxial (Elbow)
63
Movement in 2 planes
Bi axial (Metacarpophalangeal joints)
64
Movement in 3 or more planes
Multi axial (Shoulder and hip joints)
65
Possible movement for fibrous and cartilaginous joints
Synarthrosis and amphiarthroses
66
Possible movement for synovial joints
Diarthrosis
67
Types of fibrous joints
Sutures Syndesmoses Gomphoses
68
A convoluted shape that prevents movement between bones and this forms when bones completely ossify during childhood
Sutures
69
These are wide areas of connective tissue in newborn skulls
Fontanelles
70
Joins 2 parallel bones using fibrous connective tissue (amphiarthroses (
Syndesmoses
71
Anchors teeth to maxilla and mandible and it is made out of numerous short bands of dense connective tissue called periodontal ligamens (synarthrosis)
Gomphoses
72
Bones joined together by hyaline or fibrocartilage
Cartilaginous joints
73
Joined by hyaline cartilage
Synchondrosis
74
Joined by fibrocartilage
Symphyses
75
Found in every long bone Early in life to allow increase in skeletal size
Synchondroses (Epiphyseal plate,costal cartilage)
76
Permits strong attachment while allowing limited movement
Symphyses
77
3 cushioning strutures
Articular discs and menisci Bursae and tendon sheaths Fat Pads
78
Both of them contain additional pockets of synovial fluid located outside the joint
Bursae and tendon sheaths
79
Rounded portion of a bone enclosed in a ring Allows rotation for 1 axis Formed in C1 and C2
Pivot joint
80
Convex end of one bone articulates with the concave end of another Allows stretching along 1 axis Elbow knee ankle and interphalangeal joints
Hinge joint
81
Shallow depression at the end of one bone articulates with rounded structures from nearby bone or bones Biaxial Metacarpophalangeal joints
Condyloid joint
82
Both articulating surface have a saddle shape Biaxial First carpometacarpal joint, sternoclavicular joint
Saddle joint
83
Surface of these bones are flat and slide past each other during motion Limited motion, but multiaxial joint Acromioclavicular joint
Plane joint
84
Rounded head of one bone fits into the bowl shaped socket of another Great range of motion Multiaxial Hip and shoulder joint
Ball and socket joint
85
Most common form of arthritis and is caused by degeneration of articular cartilage
Osteoarthritis
86
Reduces the angle of the joint from resting position
Flexion
87
Returns joint to original resting position
Extension
88
Increases joint angle by 180 degrees
Hyperextension
89
Bending neck toward left or right side
Lateral flexion
90
Moves fingers toes or thumb away from the midline
Abduction
91
Moves a limb finger or toes towards the midline
Adduction
92
It is the combination of flexion, adduction, extension and abduction at the joint and moves in a circular motion
Circumduction
93
Twisting movement
Rotation
94
Moves anterior of a limb towards the midline
Medial rotation
95
Moves anterior of a limb away from the midline
Lateral rotation
96
Moves palm toward facing posteriorly
Supination
97
Moves palm toward facing anteriory
Pronation
98
Moves top of foot toward anterior leg
Dorsiflexion
99
Lifts heel away from the ground or points toes towards ground
Plantar flexion
100
Bottom of foot towards the midline
Inversion
101
Movement that turns bottom foot away from midline
Eversion
102
Jaw is pushed forward
Protraction
103
Returns jaw to resting position
Retraction
104
Shoulders move forward
Protraction
105
Scapula pulled posteriorly and medially
Retraction
106
Downwards movement
Depression
107
Upwards movement
Elevation
108
Move tip of thumb in contact with finger
Opposition
109
Returns thumb to original anatomical position
Reposition
110
Mandibular condyle articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bone Hinge joint
Temporomandibular joint
111
Head of humerus articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula
Shoulder joints
112
Formed by the articulation of humerus, radius and ulna
Elbow joint
113
Formed by articulating acetabulum
Hip joint
114
Condyles of femur articulate with condyles of tibia
Knee and joint
115
Forms walls of cavity
Articular capsule
116
Hyaline cartilage at the ends of bones
Articular cartilage
117
Synovial joints are classified as
Diarthrosis
118
Strong bands of fibrous connective tissue
Ligaments
119
Connective tissue that attacthes to muscle to bone
Tendon

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