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Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system

A

Sensation
Integration
Response

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2
Q

What are the parts under the CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord
Wich is housed within the cranial and vertebral cavity

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3
Q

What are the parts under the PNS

A

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
Outside of boney protection

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4
Q

Cell capable of communication

A

Neuron

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5
Q

Cells that provide structure and support to neuron

A

Glial cell

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6
Q

What are the functional divisions of the nervous system

A

Sensory
Integration
Response

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7
Q

Sends information towards CNS

A

Sensory
Afferent neurons

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8
Q

Occurs in brain and spinal cord

A

Integration

Interneurons

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9
Q

Communicates with effectors

A

Response

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10
Q

Responsible for conscious perception and voluntary responses

Innervates the skeletal muscle

A

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

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11
Q

Responsible for involuntarily control of the body
Helps maintain homeostasis
Innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscles and glands

A

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

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12
Q

Responsible for communication within the nervous system

A

Neuron

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13
Q

Houses organelles, nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum

A

Cell body

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14
Q

Receives signals from other neurons

A

Dendrites

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15
Q

Sends signals to ther neurons

Each neuron has one of these

A

Axon

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16
Q

Where does the axon begin

A

Axon hillock

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17
Q

Junctions where other neurons communicate with other cells

A

Synapses

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18
Q

What wraps the axon

A

Myelin

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19
Q

What does the gaps in myelin create

A

Neurofibril nodes

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20
Q

Allows a single neuron to communicate with multiple cells

A

Multiple axonal branches

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21
Q

Only one process from cell body that split into an axon and dendrites

Most sensory neurons

A

Unipolar neurons

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22
Q

Two process one dendrite and one axon extend from cell body

Sensory for smell and vision

A

Bipolar neuron

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23
Q

Many dendrites and one axon

Majority of neurons in the body

A

Multipolar neurons

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24
Q

3 functional classifications of neurons

A

Sensory neurons
Interneurons
Motor neurons

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25
This functional classification of neuron Collects and sends information to the CNS
Sensory neurons
26
Integrates and process information from sensory neurons
Interneurons
27
Communicates with effectors to make them perform an action
Motor neurons
28
What are the glial cells of the CNS
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells
29
Glial cells of the PNS
Satellite cells and Schwann cells
30
Regulates extracellular environment Makes up the Blood brain barrier
Astrocytes
31
Myelination in the CSF
Oligodendrocytes
32
Immune defense and waste removal
Microglia
33
Produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Ependymal cells
34
Regulates extracellular movements in the PNS Cluster around cell bodies
Satellite cells
35
Myelination of the PNS
Schwann (neurilemma) cells
36
Insulates axon's and allows for faster electrical signals
Myelin
37
Multiple process myelinate different areas
Oligodendrocytes
38
Singular cells myelinate each section
Schwann cells
39
Plays a key role in membrane potentials
Sodium/potassium pump
40
What is the resting potential of a neuron
-70mV
41
What is the changes that cause the charge difference to decrease is called
Depolarizing
42
What is the changes that cause the charge difference to increase is called
Hyperpolarizing
43
Occurs when repolarization is followed by a return to a polarized state
Repolarization
44
Opens and closes due to binding of a molecule
Ligand gated channels
45
Opens and close in response to pressure
Mechanically gated channels
46
Open and close in response to electrical potential
Voltage gated channels
47
Always open or randomly open and close No stimulus affects their activity
Leak channels
48
Are small changes on resting membrane potential Caused by mechanically gated and ligand gated membrane channels
Graded Potentials
49
When smaller graded potentials are added together
Summation
50
Graded potentials that occur in neuron that receive signals
Post synaptic potential (PSP)
51
Moves membrane towards threshold Depolarizes membrane
Excitatory (EPSP)
52
Moves membrane away from threshold Hyperpolarizes membrane
Inhibitory IPSP
53
Graded potentials occuring at several different synapses over a short timeframe
Spatial summation
54
Graded potentials occur at one synapse over a short timeframe
Temporal summation
55
Begins at axon hillock and travels toward axon terminals
Action potential
56
The period after an action potential is generated and before another can begin
Refractory periods
57
No action potential is possible
Absolute refractory period
58
Second action potential is possible with strong stimulus
Relative refractory period
59
Propagation of an action potential down an unmyelinated axon is also called an
All or nothing event
60
What are the factors of speed of action Potential propagation
Myelination Size of electrochemical gradient Diameter of axons
61
Areas where neurons communicate
Synapses
62
Release neurotransmitter
Chemical synapses
63
Direct connections where ionsmove from one cell to another.
Electrical synapses
64
Binds to receptors on post synaptic neuron
Neurotransmitter
65
3 neurotransmitter eliminated by synapse by
Diffusion Re uptake Breakdown
66
How many neurotransmitters does a neuron have?
1
67
Categories of neurotransmitters
Cholinergic Amino acids Biogenic amines
68
What is released by cholinergic cells
Acetylcholine
69
Cholinergic neurotransmitters acts on 2 types of receptors
Nicotinic receptor Muscarinic receptors
70
Made from amino acids Seratonine dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine Used in treatment for depression and anxiety
Biogenic amine neurotransmitters
71
Includes glutamate, GABA and glycine Receptors are CL- channels that hyperpolarize membrane
Amino acid transmitter

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