Axial Bone Flashcards by Angel Josef Aniñon

Forms the vertical Central axis of the body

The Axial skeleton

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How many bones does the Axial skeleton have?

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How many bones does the skull have

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Surrounds and protects the brain.

Cranial bone

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Consists of all the bones, cartilage and ligaments of the body

Skeletal system

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What are the 4 main types of axial bones in the body

Skull
Vertebral column
Ribs
Sternum

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Forms upper and lower extremities

Appendicular skeleton

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How many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton

126

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List the 6 cranial bones

Frontal (1)
Parietal (2)
Occipital (1)
Temporal(2)
Spenoid(1)
Ethmoid(1)

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List the 8 facial bones

Mandible (1)
Maxilla(2)
Lacrimal(2)
Nasal(2)
Palitine(2)
Zygomatic (2)
Inferior nasal conchae(2)
Vomer(1)

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Cavities house softer structures like these 5 cavities

Cranial cavity
Orbitals
Nasal cavity
Oral cavity
Paranasal sinuses

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Forms the forehead and parts of cranium

Frontal bone

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What are the boney markings of the frontal bone

Glabella
Superorbital margin
Superorbital foramen

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Which cranial bone has no bony markings?

Parietal bone

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Forms the posterior skull and posterior base of the cranial cavity.

Occipital bone

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What are the boney markings of the occipital bone

External occipital protuberance
Superior nuchal line
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyles

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Forms the lower lateral side of the skull

Temporal bones

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What are the 7 boney markings of the temporal bone

Squamous portion
Zygomatic process
Mastoid process
External acoustic meatus
Mandibular fossa
Articular tubercle
Styloid process

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Forms much of the base of central skull and part of temples

Sphenoid bone

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What are the boney markings of the sphenoid bone

Greater and lesser wings
Stella turcica
Pituitary fossa
Medial and lateral pterygoid processes

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This forms part of the orbit and nasal cavity

Ethmoid bone

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What are the boney markings of the ethmoid bone

Perpendicular plate
Superior and middle nasal conchae
Crista galli
Cribiform plate
Olfactory foramina

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This forms the lower jaw and it is the only moveable bone of the skull.

Mandible

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What are the boney markings of the mandible

Body,ramus and angle
Coronoid and condualar processes
Mandibular notch
Mental foramina
Mental protuberance

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Forms the upper jaw,most of the roof of the mouth, part of the orbit, the lateral base of the nose and it is also called the hard palate

Maxillary bone/Maxilla

What are the boney markings of the Maxillary bone

Alveolar process Infraorbital foramen

Forms part of the orbit and they contain lacrimal glands that secrete tears

Lacrimal bones

Forms posterior portion of hard palate, Medial part of orbit and contributes to vertical section of nasal cavity

Palatine bone

It is also known as the cheekbones and forms much of the lateral part of the orbit

Zygomatic bone

What are the boney markings of the zygomatic bone

Temporal proccess Zygomatic arch

Forms part of the nasal septum

Vomer

Forms any base (bridge and any lateral part of the nose

Nasal bones

Project into nasal cavity

Inferior nasal conchae

Project the eyeball and the muscles that move it.

The orbit

Project the eyeball and the muscles that move it.

The orbit

Is boarded by maxillae and nasal bones

Nasal cavity

Divides the nasal cavity and is formed by perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer and septal cartilage

Nasal Septum

Covered by mucous membranes and it is warm,filter and moistened inhaled air

Nasal conchae

Hollow air filled spaces found in frontal ,maxillary,sphenoid and ethmoid bones. while this connects to the nasal cavity and adds volume to the skull without adding any weight and adds resonance to voice

Paranasal sinuses

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses

Frontal sinus Maxillary sinuses Sphenoid sinus Ethmoid sinus

Where are teeth embedded

Alveolar processes

What allows entry for nerves and blood vessels to the lower jaw

Mandibular (mental) foramen

What is formed by maxillae,mandible and Palatine bones

Oral cavity

Formed by palatine process of maxillae and horizontal plate of palatine bones

The Hard palate

Is formed by temporal process of zygomatic bone articulating with zygomatic process of temporal bone

Zygomatic arch

What is above the zygomatic arch ?

Temporal fossa

This unites the parietal and temporal bones

Squamous suture

What unites the parietal bones

Sagittal suture

Parietal bones and occipital bones are united by what?

Lamboid structure

Mostly occupied by the brain

Cranial cavity

The base of the skull is divided by these 3 fossa

Anterior cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa

Contains the Crista galli and cribiform plates

Anterior cranial fossa

Contains openings for blood vessels and nerves

Middle cranial fossa

Contains internal acoustic meatus, hypoglossal canal, jugular foramen

Posterior cranial fossa

Provides for passage of the optic nerve into the orbit

Optic canal

Passage for nerves to eyeball, associated muscles, and sensory nerves to forehead

Superior orbital fissure

Allows exit for major sensory nerves to face

Foramen rotundum/foramen ovale

Entry of blood supply Into cranial cavity

Foramen spinosum

Exit of nerve to muscles of the face

Stylomastoid foramen

Entry of blood supply to the brain

Carotid canal

No structures pass through here

Foramen lacerum

Allows passage of the nerves for hearing and equilibrium and the nerves that supply muscles to the face

Internal acoustic meatus

Allows passage of a nerve to the tounge

Hypoglossal canal

Allows passage of several nerves to the jugular vein

Jugular foramen

What unites the frontal and parietal bones

Coronal suture

Allows for rapid growth of brain during infancy, allows skull to change shape during birth

Fontanelles

Parietal or complete failure of the upper lip to fuse together

Cleft lip

Results from failure of the hard plate to fuse completely

Cleft palate

Is the premature fusion of the suture line that results in the abnormal growth of the skull and cranial deformity

Craniosynostosis

U shaped bone located in the superior part of the neck and does not articulate with other skull bones

Hyoid bone

Total vertebrae count plus the sacrum and the coccyx

Vertebrae count of the cervical curve and it's orientation

(7) and posteriorly oriented

Vertebrae count of the thoracic curve and it's orientation

(12) anteriorly oriented

Vertebrae count of lumbar curve and it's orientation

(5) and posteriorly oriented

Fused Vertebrae count of the sacrococcygeal curve and it's orientation

Sacral(5) coccygeal (4) total (9) And anteriorly oriented

Excessive posterior curvature of thoracic region

Kyphosis

Excessive anterior curve of the lumbar region

Lordosis

Abnormal lateral curvature of vertebral column

Scoliosis

What are the 7 components of a typical vertebra

Vertebral body Vertebral arch Pedicles Lamina Vertebral foramen Transverse spinous and articular process Intervertebral foramen

Are between the bodies of each vertebrae

Intervertebral discs

These unite the vertebrae posteriorly

Superior and inferior articular processes

Allows spinal nerves to exit

Intervertebral foramen

-Small vertebral bodies -Transverse foramina of vertebral arteries -bifid spinous process

Cervical vertebrae

It is the atlas and allows the head to move in a yes motion

It is the axis and allows the head to move in a no motion

-Vertebral bodies increase in size as you descend the spinal column -long downward angle spinous process -articulates with ribs

Thoracic vertebrae

What articulates with rib tubercles

The transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae

Largest vertebral bodies and it is short blunt spinous processes

Lumbar vertebrae

Is a thick triangular shaped bone

Sacrum

Is formed by a fusion of 4 vertebrae

Coccyx

Anchors vertebrae to each other while cushioning it and allows movement

Intervertebral discs

The 2 fibrocartilage pads between vertebrae

Anulus fibrous Nucleus pulposus

What are the parts of the sternum

Manubrium Body Xiphoid process

Parts of the manubrium

Clavicular notch Suprasternal notch

Joins to manubrium at sternal angle

Body

12 pairs of curved flat bones

Ribs

What are the boney features of the ribs?

Head,neck,body,tubercle,and angle of the rib Costal groove

Costal cartilage attatches to sternum (1-7)

True ribs

Costal cartilage does not directly attach to the sternum (8-12)

False ribs

Does not have costal cartilage (11-12)

Floating ribs