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BU288 Midterm 1 > Appendix > Flashcards

Appendix Flashcards

1
Q

Research in Organizational Behaviour

A
  • Based on research that involves objective and systematic information gathering
  • Separates the sturdy from opinion and common sense
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2
Q

Evidence-based Management (EBM): rely on

A

Many managers rely on:
obsolete knowledge gained years ago in school,
long-standing (but rarely tested) traditions,
patterns gleaned from experience,
methods that they “believe” in,
information from consultants.

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3
Q

EBM calls for organizational practices that are based on scientific evidence

A

Increases predictability
Increases odds of success
Increases your value to an organization

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4
Q

Scientific Method - theory

A

explains why, how, and when the variables are related

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5
Q

Hypotheses

A

predictions that specify relationships between variables

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6
Q

Measurement of Variables - validity

A

is an index of the extent to which a measure truly reflects what it is supposed to measure.
Do not want low validity

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7
Q

Reliability

A

is an index of the consistency of the data.
Low reliability is BAD
Less reliability means more random error
Everytime will it give the same response

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8
Q

Research Techniques/ Designs

A
  • case studies
  • observational
  • correlational
  • experimental
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9
Q

Observational

A

broad data, (participant, direct)

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10
Q

Correlational

A

Research that attempts to measure variables precisely and examine relationships among these variables without introducing change into the research setting. Ex: Surveys, Interviews, Existing (Archival) Data

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11
Q

Experimental

A

Lab or Field
Shows causation
Manipulates nature.
One variable changed and its consequence measured in other.
Control group.

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12
Q

Does Correlaiton Mean Causation?

A

Causation/Cause and Effect – Changes in X cause changes in Y.
Correlation: Correlation does not prove causation. – Indicates an association.

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13
Q

Internal validity:

A
  • extent to which a researcher can be confident that changes in a dependent variable are due to the independent variable
  • Has to do with the validity of the study design.
  • Random assignment, control group improve this
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14
Q

External validity:

A
  • extent to which the results of a study generalize to other samples and settings
  • External validity is greater when the results of a study are based on large, random samples.
  • Only makes sense if it is going to apply to other people
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15
Q

How research techniques could go wrong:

A

Correlations are often mistaken for cause/effect relationships.
Measurement is sometimes bad (e.g., low validity)
Small sample sizes (or inappropriate samples) could limit external validity
A single study might not replicate (e.g., the findings might be due to random error)

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16
Q

Moderating variable

A

is a variable that affects the nature of the relationship between an independent variable and the dependent variable such that the relationship depends on the level of the moderating variable

17
Q

Mediating variable

A

is a variable that intervenes or explains the relationship between an independent variable and the dependent variable

18
Q

Convergent validity

A

exists when there is a strong relationship between different measures of the same variable
Good measures should not be related to measures of different variables, ex - a measure of job satisfaction should not be related to measures of job performance

19
Q

Discriminat validity

A

exist when there is a weak relationship between measures of different variables
Good measnures should have both convergent and discriminant validity

20
Q

research tecnhniques: observation

A

the researcher proceeds to examine the natural activities of people in an organizational setting by listing to what they say and watching what they do.

21
Q

Participant observation:

A

the researcher becomes a functioning member of the organizational unit they are studying to conduct the research, there is no substitute for experience

22
Q

Direct observation,

A

the researcher observes organizational behaviour without participating in the activity being observed

23
Q

correlation techniques

A
  • correlation research
  • surveys
  • interview
  • existing data
  • cross sectional data
  • longitudal design
  • correlation and causation
24
Q

Correlation research

A

attempts to measure variables precisely and examine relationships among these variables without introducing change into the research setting

25
Q

Existing data

A

are obtained from organizational records and can include productivity, absence, turnover, and demographic information

26
Q

Cross-sectional data

A

is when both the independent and dependent variables are measured at the same time

27
Q

Longitudinal design

A

the independent variable will be measured at one point in time and the dependent variable will be measured some time later

28
Q

Experimental techniques: Experimental research

A

involves manipulating nature, research that changes or manipulates a variable under controlled conditions and examines the consequences of this manipulation for some other variable

29
Q

Control group

A

is a group of researcher participants who have not been exposed to the experimental treatment – not exposed to training

30
Q

Random assigment

A

is randonly assigning participants to the experimental and control conditions of an experiment
- improves internal validity

31
Q

Threats to internal validity

A
  • are factors that are alternative explanations for the result of an experiment
  • Selection of participants, testing, instrumentation, statistical regression, history, maturation, mortality
32
Q

Quasi-experimental design

A

is a research technique in which the participants are not randomly assigned to the experimental and control conditions

33
Q

issues and concerns in Ob research

A

sampling
random sampling
hawthorne effect
ethics

34
Q

Sampling

A

researchers are usually interested in generalizing the results of their research beyond their study, the extent to which the results of a study generalize to other samples and settings is known as external validity

35
Q

External validity

A

is the extent to which the results of a study generalize to other samples and settings
Large samples are used to endure that the results they obtain are truly representative of the individuals, groups, or orgnaizations being studied

36
Q

Random sampling

A

means that research participants have been randomly chosen from the popualtion of interest

37
Q

Hawthorne Effect

A

is a favourable response by participants in an organizational experiment that is the result of a factor other than the independent variable that is formally being manipulated

38
Q

Ethics

A
  • researchers in organizational behavior, no matter who employes them have an ethical obligation to do rigorous reseach and to report that research accuratly

BU288 Midterm 1 (6 decks)

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