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CNS > Appendix B > Flashcards

Appendix B Flashcards

1
Q

Accumulations of neuron cell bodies and dendrites

A

Gray matter

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2
Q

Main constituent of white matter

A

Neuron axons

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3
Q

cortex of cerebellum and cerebrum made out of

A

Gray

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4
Q

Islands of gray matter that break up inner white matter

A

Nuclei (basal ganglia)

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5
Q

Series of interconnecting cavities in the brain

A

Ventricles

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6
Q

Ventricles fill with

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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7
Q

CSF made in ____ and escapes through ____

A

Ventricles; fourth

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8
Q

Components of brain stem

A

Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain (Mesencephalon)

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9
Q

Medulla Oblongata Position

A

Inferior, “stem-like”

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10
Q

Important ventral surface landmarks of M.O.

A 
Bilateral pyramids (medial)
Olives (lateral)
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11
Q

What has an abundance of cranial nerve pairs near or extending out?

A

Medulla Oblongata

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12
Q

Functions of M.O.

A

Vital for life-maintaining functions:
Breathing
CV control
Contains ALL ascending and descending neuron fibers associated w/ spinal cord

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13
Q

Pons Location

A

Just superior to MO w/ distinct ventral bulge

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14
Q

What Cranial Nerve Pair appears dramatically on lateral surface of Pons?

A

V (trigeminal)

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15
Q

What forms the ventral wall of the 4th brain ventricle?

A

Pons and MO

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16
Q

Functions of Pons

A

Integration and relay center between cerebrum and cerebellum

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17
Q

Another term for midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

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18
Q

What part of the brain stem immediately surrounds the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Midbrain

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19
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

Distinct passageway for CSF between third and fourth ventricles

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20
Q

Area posterior to the cerebral aqueduct

A

Tectum

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21
Q

Parts of the tectum

A

Two superior and inferior colliculi (corpora quadrigemina)

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22
Q

What are Cerebral Peduncles (CP)

A

Bilateral bulges ventral to cerebral aqueduct

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23
Q

What makes up each cerebral peduncle?

A

Red and black nuclei

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24
Q

Function of Midbrain

A

Coordinates subtle reflexes dealing w/ head movements in seeing and hearing

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25
Q

Importance of cerebral peduncles

A

Full of important descending motor oriented fibers

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26
Q

Components of Diencephalon

A 
Thalamus
Pineal body
Hypothalamus
Massa intermedia
Third ventricle 
Mammillary bodies
27
Q

Massa intermedia

A

Connection between right and left thalamic masses

28
Q

Third ventricle is….

A

Fluid filled space bounded by thalamus and hypothalamus laterally

29
Q

Function of Diencephalon

A

Neuron relay center

Control over many autonomic and endocrine functions

30
Q

What is the “flower” at the top of the brain stem?

A

Telencephalon

31
Q

What divides right and left cerebral hemispheres of telencephalon?

A

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

32
Q

4 major lobes of each hemisphere of the telencephalon

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

33
Q

Pseudo lobes

A

Limbic, insular, and pyriform lobes

*include overlapping parts of 4 basic lobes

34
Q

Largest lobe of the telencephalon

A

Frontal lobe

35
Q

Major gyri of the frontal lobes

A

Precentral gyrus

Superior/middle/inferior frontal gyri

36
Q

What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

A

Central sulcus

37
Q

What separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe?

A

Lateral cerebral sulcus

38
Q

Additional folds of the frontal lobe (medial view)

A

Cingulate gyrus

39
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Full of neuron axons that connect right and left cerebral hemispheres

40
Q

Commissures

A

Structures that connect equivalent halves of the CNS

41
Q

Function of frontal lobes

A

“Thought elaborating” centers

Voluntary motor initiating centers

42
Q

What lobe is sandwiched between each of the other lobes?

A

Parietal

43
Q

Parietal lobes include:

A

Post central gyrus

Superior and inferior parietal lobules

44
Q

Inferior parietal lobule primarily made up of

A

Supramarginal and angular gyri

45
Q

What two lobes have a non-distinct boundary?

A

Parietal and temporal

46
Q

What demarcates general border of parietal and occipital lobes?

A

Parietal- occipital sulcus

47
Q

Function of parietal lobes

A

“Feels” modalities of light touch, deep touch, pain, temperature changes, kinesthetic input

Associate many inputs from other lobes -> develop skills such as reading and writing

48
Q

What lobe is relatively small w/ indistinct lateral and inferior boundaries?

A

Occipital lobes

49
Q

Where is the deeply grooved calcarine sulcus located?

A

Medial surface of occipital lobe

50
Q

Prominent medial structures in occipital lobe

A

Cuneus gyrus

Lingual gyrus

51
Q

Function of Occipital lobes

A

Sight and memory of past sight experiences are received, built up, stored, and associated

parietal lobe dependent on this transfer for proper function

52
Q

Gyri of the temporal lobes

A

Superior, middle, inferior temporal gyri

*similarly names sulcus next to appropriate gyrus

53
Q

Hippocampal formation and parahippocampus

A

Network of fibers and cell bodies in temporal lobe

54
Q

Functions of temporal lobes

A

Auditory reception, interpretation, memory centers

Behavior control mechanisms (in hippocampal formation)

55
Q

What separates medial aspect of temporal lobe from frontal lobe?

A

Deep lateral sulcus

56
Q

What is the significant olfactory interpretation area?

A

Uncus of the temporal lobe

57
Q

Posterior enlargement dorsal to pons and medulla

A

Cerebellum

58
Q

Cerebellum derived from

A

Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

*along with MO and pons

59
Q

Fourth brain ventricle

A

Fluid filled space between pons, MO and cerebellum

60
Q

What is superior to the cerebellum?

A

Occipital lobes

61
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

thin membrane in between occipital lobes and cerebellum

62
Q

Horizontal cerebral fissure

A

Fissure that the tentorium cerebelli is inside of

63
Q

Functions of cerebellum

A

Maintains muscle tone
Aids in making voluntary movements smooth and harmonious

*does NOT initiate gross movements

CNS (9 decks)

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