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CNS > Appendix B > Flashcards

Appendix B Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Accumulations of neuron cell bodies and dendrites

A

Gray matter

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2
Q

Main constituent of white matter

A

Neuron axons

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3
Q

cortex of cerebellum and cerebrum made out of

A

Gray

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4
Q

Islands of gray matter that break up inner white matter

A

Nuclei (basal ganglia)

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5
Q

Series of interconnecting cavities in the brain

A

Ventricles

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6
Q

Ventricles fill with

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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7
Q

CSF made in ____ and escapes through ____

A

Ventricles; fourth

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8
Q

Components of brain stem

A

Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain (Mesencephalon)

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9
Q

Medulla Oblongata Position

A

Inferior, “stem-like”

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10
Q

Important ventral surface landmarks of M.O.

A 
Bilateral pyramids (medial)
Olives (lateral)
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11
Q

What has an abundance of cranial nerve pairs near or extending out?

A

Medulla Oblongata

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12
Q

Functions of M.O.

A

Vital for life-maintaining functions:
Breathing
CV control
Contains ALL ascending and descending neuron fibers associated w/ spinal cord

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13
Q

Pons Location

A

Just superior to MO w/ distinct ventral bulge

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14
Q

What Cranial Nerve Pair appears dramatically on lateral surface of Pons?

A

V (trigeminal)

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15
Q

What forms the ventral wall of the 4th brain ventricle?

A

Pons and MO

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16
Q

Functions of Pons

A

Integration and relay center between cerebrum and cerebellum

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17
Q

Another term for midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

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18
Q

What part of the brain stem immediately surrounds the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Midbrain

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19
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

Distinct passageway for CSF between third and fourth ventricles

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20
Q

Area posterior to the cerebral aqueduct

A

Tectum

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21
Q

Parts of the tectum

A

Two superior and inferior colliculi (corpora quadrigemina)

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22
Q

What are Cerebral Peduncles (CP)

A

Bilateral bulges ventral to cerebral aqueduct

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23
Q

What makes up each cerebral peduncle?

A

Red and black nuclei

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24
Q

Function of Midbrain

A

Coordinates subtle reflexes dealing w/ head movements in seeing and hearing

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25
Importance of cerebral peduncles
Full of important descending motor oriented fibers
26
Components of Diencephalon
``` Thalamus Pineal body Hypothalamus Massa intermedia Third ventricle Mammillary bodies ```
27
Massa intermedia
Connection between right and left thalamic masses
28
Third ventricle is....
Fluid filled space bounded by thalamus and hypothalamus laterally
29
Function of Diencephalon
Neuron relay center | Control over many autonomic and endocrine functions
30
What is the “flower” at the top of the brain stem?
Telencephalon
31
What divides right and left cerebral hemispheres of telencephalon?
Longitudinal cerebral fissure
32
4 major lobes of each hemisphere of the telencephalon
Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital
33
Pseudo lobes
Limbic, insular, and pyriform lobes *include overlapping parts of 4 basic lobes
34
Largest lobe of the telencephalon
Frontal lobe
35
Major gyri of the frontal lobes
Precentral gyrus | Superior/middle/inferior frontal gyri
36
What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
Central sulcus
37
What separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe?
Lateral cerebral sulcus
38
Additional folds of the frontal lobe (medial view)
Cingulate gyrus
39
Corpus callosum
Full of neuron axons that connect right and left cerebral hemispheres
40
Commissures
Structures that connect equivalent halves of the CNS
41
Function of frontal lobes
“Thought elaborating” centers | Voluntary motor initiating centers
42
What lobe is sandwiched between each of the other lobes?
Parietal
43
Parietal lobes include:
Post central gyrus | Superior and inferior parietal lobules
44
Inferior parietal lobule primarily made up of
Supramarginal and angular gyri
45
What two lobes have a non-distinct boundary?
Parietal and temporal
46
What demarcates general border of parietal and occipital lobes?
Parietal- occipital sulcus
47
Function of parietal lobes
“Feels” modalities of light touch, deep touch, pain, temperature changes, kinesthetic input Associate many inputs from other lobes -> develop skills such as reading and writing
48
What lobe is relatively small w/ indistinct lateral and inferior boundaries?
Occipital lobes
49
Where is the deeply grooved calcarine sulcus located?
Medial surface of occipital lobe
50
Prominent medial structures in occipital lobe
Cuneus gyrus | Lingual gyrus
51
Function of Occipital lobes
Sight and memory of past sight experiences are received, built up, stored, and associated *parietal lobe dependent on this transfer for proper function*
52
Gyri of the temporal lobes
Superior, middle, inferior temporal gyri *similarly names sulcus next to appropriate gyrus
53
Hippocampal formation and parahippocampus
Network of fibers and cell bodies in temporal lobe
54
Functions of temporal lobes
Auditory reception, interpretation, memory centers | Behavior control mechanisms (in hippocampal formation)
55
What separates medial aspect of temporal lobe from frontal lobe?
Deep lateral sulcus
56
What is the significant olfactory interpretation area?
Uncus of the temporal lobe
57
Posterior enlargement dorsal to pons and medulla
Cerebellum
58
Cerebellum derived from
Hindbrain (rhombencephalon) *along with MO and pons
59
Fourth brain ventricle
Fluid filled space between pons, MO and cerebellum
60
What is superior to the cerebellum?
Occipital lobes
61
Tentorium cerebelli
thin membrane in between occipital lobes and cerebellum
62
Horizontal cerebral fissure
Fissure that the tentorium cerebelli is inside of
63
Functions of cerebellum
Maintains muscle tone Aids in making voluntary movements smooth and harmonious *does NOT initiate gross movements

CNS (9 decks)

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