Spinal Cord Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Superior boundary of spinal cord
A
Foramen Magnum
Superior most ventral rootlet of C1
2
Q
Inferior boundary of spinal cord
A
Disc between L1 and L2
3
Q
Cervical nerves are named for
A
Bone below
4
Q
C8 exits at
A
IVF between C7 and T1
5
Q
C1 exits between
A
Occipital and atlas
6
Q
Thoracic nerves are named for
A
Bone above
7
Q
T12 exits at
A
T12 and L1
8
Q
S1 though S4 nerves exit
A
Dorsal and ventral sacral foramina
9
Q
S5 exits at
A
Sacral hiatus
10
Q
Co1 exits at
A
Sacral hiatus
11
Q
Co1 cord level is found where in adulthood
A
L1 and L2 Disc
Conus medullaris
12
Q
Roots of lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves run below cord down
A
Lumbar cistern
Cauda equina
13
Q
Lateral horn location
A
T1-L2/L3
S2-S4
14
Q
Dorsal horn
A
Sensory reception
15
Q
Lateral horn
A
Cell bodies of preganglionic autonomic neurons
16
Q
Anterior horn
A
Motor function
17
Q
Funiculi
A
Column of white matter (no specific function)
Carry info both up and down cord
18
Q
Fasciculi
A
White matter tract with specific function
19
Q
NCAM’s (nerve cell adhesion molecules)
A
Surface proteins that help fasciculi fibers associate with each other during development
20
Q
Function of gracilis and cuneatus
A
Two point touch discrimination
Vibratory sensation
Kinesthetic sensation
21
Q
Lateral spinothalamic tract carries
A
Pain/temperature
22
Q
Anterior spinothalamic tract carries
A
Light touch/ pressure
23
Q
Fibers of the spinothalamic tracts terminate in
A
VPL of the thalamus
24
Q
Anterior spinocerebellar tract carries
A
Gross movements of lower body
25
Posterior spinocerebellar tract carries
Fine movements
26
Anterior corticospinal tract influences
Axial musculature of neck and shoulders
27
Lateral corticospinal tract function
Initiating and accomplishing precise skilled voluntary muscle movements
28
Corticospinal fibers synapse with neurons in ___, which then synapse in ___
Lamina VII
| Lamina IX
29
____ cells from precentral gyrus of frontal lobe synapse directly on lamina IX
Giant pyramidal (Betz) cells
30
Lower motor neurons
Originate in spinal cord or brain stem and extend fibers to PNS to innervate somatic muscles
31
Upper motor neurons
Neurons from higher brain centers that influence LMN
32
UMN Lesions
Reduction or absence in voluntary movement
Hyperreflexia
Increase muscle tone
33
LMN lesions
Reduction or absence of voluntary movement
Hyporeflexia
Decreased muscle tone and atrophy
34
Pyramidal Neurons
UMN involved with initiation of skilled voluntary movements
35
Extrapyramidal neurons
UMN that originate in brain stem and extend down cord
| Subconsciously influence posture, muscle tone, enhance reflexes
36
3 example of Extrapyramidal fibers in tracts
1. Tectospinal tract
2. Rubrospinal tract
3. Vestibulospinal tract
37
Origin of tectospinal tract
Superior colliculus of tectum
38
Tectospinal tract fibers terminate in
C4-C5
39
Function of tectospinal tract
XI cranial nerve
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
40
Origin of rubrospinal tract
Red nucleus of tegmentum
41
Fibers of rubrospinal tract cross in
Midbrain
42
Rubrospinal fibers influence
Flexor musculature
| Inhibit extensors
43
Vestibulospinal tract originates
Lateral part of vestibular nucleus in medulla Oblongata (Deiters’ nucleus)
44
___ fibers do not cross
Vestibulospinal
45
Function of vestibulospinal tract
Ipsilateral extensor musculature
| Proper orientation when falling
46
Reticulospinal tract function
Closely associated with Autonomic NS
| Heat, BP, respiratory rate
47
Medial reticulospinal tract origin
Pons Tegmentum
48
Lateral Reticulospinal tract origin
Medulla Oblongata
49
___ are the first fibers to be myelinated in fetus
Fasciculus Proprius
50
Function of fasciculus proprius
Spinal reflexes
51
Dorsolateral tract position
Between rexa lamina I and Posterior lateral sulcus of cord
52
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Total loss of either right or left side of spinal cord (hemisection)
53
Tabes Dorsalis
Bacterial syphilis resulting in wasting away of dorsal funiculus , esp fasciculus gracilis
54
Multiple Sclerosis
Destroy of CNS IO
55
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Destruction of UMN and LMN, particularly in lateral corticospinal tracts
56
Parts of hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
MO
Pons
Cerebellum
57
Parts of brain stem
MO
Pons
Midbrain (mesencephalon)
58
Apparent origin
Where cranial nerve appears to be attached to surface of CNS
59
Nucleus of origin
Nucleus that contribute motor fibers to cranial nerves
60
Nucleus of termination
Nucleus that receive incoming Afferent input from cranial nerves
61
Apparent origin of cranial nerves IX, X, XI
Near posterolateral sulcus
62
Apparent origin of cranial nerve VI
Inferior pontine sulcus
63
Apparent origin of cranial nerves VII, VIII
Pontocerebellar angle
64
Apparent origin of cranial nerve XII
Ventrolateral sulcus
65
Chemoreceptors in the ____ detect toxins in blood and trigger vomiting
Area postrema
66
Inferior olivary nucleus
Relays information into cerebellum’s central nuclei and cortex
67
Superior olivary nucleus located in pons is ___ in Function
Auditory
68
Reticular formation controls
General arousal of activity
| Role in wakefulness and all states of attention
69
What fibers are located in the pyramids
Pyramidal axons
| Corticospinal axons
70
Which fibers cross in the pyramids
Lateral corticospinal tract
71
Medial lemniscus contains more fibers superiorly due to
Internal arcuate fibers from opposite nucleus gracilis and cuneatus
72
Medial lemniscus terminates in
VPL of the thalamus
73
Cranial nerve nuclei in MO
V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII
74
Accessory oculomotor nucleus
Parasympathetic control of ciliary and pupillary constrictor smooth muscles of eye
75
Oculomotor nuclei
Somatic motor muscle control of four of the six extraocular eye muscles and upper eyelid
76
Trochlear nucleus
Somatic motor muscle control of superior oblique extraocular eye muscle
77
Trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus
Proprioception from muscles of mastication
78
Abducens nucleus
Somatic motor muscle control for lateral rectus extraocular eye muscle
79
Nucleus ambiguous
Visceral efferent fibers to pharynx musculature
80
Spinal nucleus of accessory nerve
Tectospinal tract (trapezius and sternocleidomastoid)
81
Spinal nucleus and spinal tract of trigeminal nerve are great sensory nuclei for
Temperature and pain reception from the face
82
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
Deals with swallowing, chewing, synchronous eye movements
83
Trigeminothalamic tract synapses in
VPM of thalamus
84
Wallenberg’s Stroke syndrome
| Lateral medullary stroke syndrome
Results in stroke condition what may come through occlusion of vertebrobasilar arteries (posterior inferior cerebellar artery)
85
Clinical manifestations of wallenberg’s stroke syndrome
Loss of pain/temperature sensation on one side of the face and on opposite side of the body
86
Pons contain nuclei for cranial nerves
V, VI, VII, VIII
87
___ is important relay center for fibers going to cerebellum
Pons
88
Medullopontine sulcus
Apparent origin of CN VI
89
__ forms floor of 4th ventricle
Also dorsal part of pons
Rhomboid fossa
90
Apparent origin of largest CN (trigeminal, V) protrudes from
Lateral wall of pons
91
Subdivisions of pons
Tegmentum- dorsal
| Basilar- ventral
92
Basilar division of pons contains
Corticospinal tract fibers
Medial lemniscus
Pontine nuclei
93
___ create ventral bulge of pons
Pontine nuclei
94
Pontine nuclei relay input from cerebral cortex to cerebellum via
Middle cerebellar peduncle
95
Medial lemniscus ascends to
VPL thalamus
96
Lateral lemniscus is an
Auditory pathway
97
Lateral lemniscus ascends to diencephalon’s
Medial geniculate body
98
Other components of the Tegmentum
Spinal trigeminal
| Spinothalamic
