Appendix A Flashcards
1
Q
Chordata
A
Phylum humans belong to
2
Q
Vertebrata
A
Subphylum man classified in
3
Q
Mammalia
A
Class man is classified in
4
Q
Primate
A
Order man classified in
5
Q
Homo sapiens
A
Genus and species of man
6
Q
Adenohypophysis
A
Anterior and intermediate portions of pituitary gland
7
Q
Neurohypophysis
A
Posterior pituitary (pars nervosa)
8
Q
Hypophysis Cerebri
A
Pituitary Gland (entire structure)
9
Q
Epiphysis Cerebri
A
Pineal gland (body)
10
Q
Embryo
A
Developing human before end of second month of gestation
11
Q
Fetus
A
Developing human after second month of gestation
12
Q
Neonate
A
Newborn infant
13
Q
Dentate
A
Notched or Toothlike
14
Q
Arcuate
A
Arranged like arch
15
Q
Striae
A
Grove or streak like formation
16
Q
Rectus
A
Straight
17
Q
Reticular
A
Net like
18
Q
Fissure
A
Relatively deep groove (infolding)
19
Q
Sulcus
A
Relatively shallow groove (infolding)
20
Q
Gyrus
A
Tortuous convolution
Between sulci and/or fissures of cerebrum
21
Q
Folia
A
Small page like gyri of cerebellum
22
Q
Nuclei
A
Cluster or group of neuron cell bodies located in CNS
23
Q
Ganglia
A
Cluster or group of neuron cell bodies within PNS
24
Q
Neuron
A
Nerve cell
25
Perikaryon
Synonym for cell body (soma) of neuron
26
Axon
Process of neuron that carries impulse away from cell body
27
Hillock
Small prominence or elevation
28
Dendrite
Process of neuron that carries charge/ impulse toward cell body (often many)
29
Fiber
Neuron with dominantly long process (dendrite or axon)
30
Nerve
Whitish appearing PNS structures filled with neuron fibers which innervate the body
31
Ramus
Branch
| Major branches off spinal nerve trunks (white, gray, dorsal, ventral, etc.)
32
Axolemma
Outer plasma membrane (plasmalemma) of axon
33
Neurilemma
Covering around neuron fiber created by surrounding cell
34
Vertebral canal (Neural Canal)
Passageway created by continuous nature of vertebral foramina
35
Central canal
Tiny channel found within spinal cord and inferior medulla oblongata
36
Aqueduct
Passageway
37
Leptomenix
Thin membrane (synonym with arachnoid and pia matter)
38
Pachymeninx
Thick membrane (synonym with dura mater)
39
Somesthetic
To sense the body
40
Modality
Specific sensory entity
41
Proprioception
Modality of subconscious awareness of body position and muscle movement
42
Kinesthesia
Modality of conscious awareness of body position and muscle movement
43
Adrenergic
Releasing of Adrenalin-like (NorEpi) molecules at target site
44
Cholinergic
Releasing of choline-like (Acetylcholine) molecules at target site
45
Chiasma
Crossing- usually relating to crossing of optic fibers
46
Decussation
Crossing- more liberally to indicate crossing of fibers and tracts in CNS
47
Contralateral
To the opposite side
48
Ipsilateral
On the same side
49
Anterograde
Going forward- refers to going away from neuron cell body
50
Retrograde
Going backward- going back toward cell body
51
Fugal
Traveling away from- often a suffix
52
Lesion
Any type of injury, damage, or “hurt”
53
Myelopathy
Lesion of the spinal cord (rarely used for entire CNS)
54
Necrosis
Death of cells or tissue
55
Neoplasm
Tumor
| Any abnormal growth
56
Malignant
Spreading life threatening neoplasm
57
Metastatic
Transferring to other tissues
58
Idiopathic
Something of unknown cause
59
Ischemia
Suppress blood supply to an area, resulting in abnormal function and may lead to necrosis
60
Hematoma
Accumulation of blood outside of blood vessels
61
Aneurysm
Abnormal dilation of blood vessel wall and its lumen (forms blood containing sack)
62
Stroke
Blood vascular loss in CNS leading to permanent or prolonged brain damage
(Cerebrovascular accident)
63
Angiography
X-ray of blood vessels injected with radiopaque dyes
64
Myelography
X-ray of vertebral canal and spinal cord structures following injection of radiopaque dyes into CSF
65
Ataxia
Irregularity in skeletal muscle coordination
66
Paralysis
Total or partial loss of normal motor function
67
Aphasia
Inability to communicate by speech, writing or signs
68
Dysphasia
Partial or unusual loss of communicative ability
69
Archi
Prefix meaning beginning or original
70
Paleo
Prefix meaning old
71
Neo
Prefix meaning new
72
Cauda Equina
Horses’ tail
73
Cephalgia
Headache
74
Cornu
Horn-like projection
75
Crus
Leg or leg like
76
Cytoarchitecture
Pattern of cell arrangements
77
Falx
Sickle shaped
78
Fenestra
Window like
79
Foramen
Opening
80
Glial
Glue like
81
Micron
```
Metric system unit of length
Means small (1 X 10^-6 meters)
```
82
Operculum
Lid or covering
83
Pallium
To cloak
| Synonym with cortex
84
Pons
Bridge
| Located between MO and midbrain
85
BBB
Blood brain barrier
86
CSF
Cerebralspinal Fluid
87
CVA
Cerebrovascular accident
88
TIA
Transient ischemic attack
89
DRG
Dorsal root ganglia
90
IVF
Intervertebral foramen
| Opening spinal verve emerges from vertebral canal
91
EEG
Electroencephalogram
| Records brain waves
92
CAT
Computerized axial tomography
| X-rays
93
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
| Large magnets rearranging H molecules
94
PET
Position Emission tomography
| Radioactively labeled compounds for analysis
95
MO
Medulla Oblongata
96
MS
Multiple Sclerosis
97
ALS
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
98
GABA
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid
| Common inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS (Amino Acid)
99
ACH
Acetylcholine
