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Reproduction > Applied embryology > Flashcards

Applied embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Does FSH increase or decrease at the beginning of the hormone cycle?

A

Increase

Stimulate more follicles to develop

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2
Q

What does follicular oestradiol do?

A

Stimulates endometrial thickening

Negative feedback to FSH

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3
Q

What produces oestradiol?

A

Follicles

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4
Q

What happens with oestradiol levels at day 12?

A

Rising levels trigger an LH surge

Triggers ovulation

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5
Q

How do sperm cells penetrate an egg?

A 
Sperm acrosome reacts with zona pellucida 
Hydrolytic enzymes released
Acrosome reacts with perivitelline space
Plasma membranes of each fuse
Sperm nucleus enters egg
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6
Q

What are the functions of the placenta?

A 
Immunological barrier
Gas exchange
Nutrient exchange
Waste excretion
Endocrine function
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7
Q

What defines the orientation of the embryo?

A

Primitive streak

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8
Q

Where does the primitive streak form?

A

Caudal end of embryo

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9
Q

What does the ectoderm give rise to?

A 
Epidermis
Nervous system
Hair
Nails
Neuroendocrine organs
Teeth enamel
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10
Q

What does the mesoderm give rise to?

A 
Dermis
MSK structures
CV system
Kidneys
Ureters
Trigone of bladder
Gonads
Adrenal cortex
Visceral and parietal linings
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11
Q

What does the endoderm give rise to?

A 
GI tract lining
Liver parenchyma
Pancreas
Thyroid
Parathroid
Tonsils
Thymus
Bladder
Urethra
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12
Q

Where does most of the urinary system originate from?

A

Mesoderm

Apart from urethra and all areas of the bladder apart from trigone which arise from from the endoderm

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13
Q

What does the intermediate mesoderm give rise to?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Gonads

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14
Q

What does the lateral plate mesoderm give rise to?

A 
Pleura
Pericardium
Peritoneum
CV system
Connective tissue and smooth muscle of GI and resp systems
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15
Q

When do the pharyngeal arches form?

A

Week 4

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16
Q

When do the fingers begin to separate?

A

Week 7

17
Q

When does the gut herniate into umbilical cord?

A

Week 7

18
Q

When does the embryonic period transition into the fetal period?

A

End of week 8

19
Q

Where does the urinary tract develop?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

20
Q

What is the SRY gene?

A

Sex determining region Y gene

21
Q

What role do sertoli cells play in testis development?

A

Formation triggered by TDF

Produce Anti-Mullerian Hormone

22
Q

What causes development as a male?

A

Androgens from Leydig cells

Anti-Mullerian Hormones from Sertoli cells

23
Q

What forms the ovarian follicles?

A

Cortical cords develop and surround germ cells

24
Q

What is another name for the mesonephric duct?

A

Wolffian duct

25
Q

What is another name for the paramesonephric duct?

A

Mullerian duct

26
Q

How does the AMH affect the growth of mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts?

A

Presence of AMH in males causes paramesonephric ducts to regress
Absence in females cause paramesonephric ducts grow and enter pelvis, grow medially and fuse

27
Q

What do the fused portions of the paramesonephric ducts form?

A

Vagina and uterus

28
Q

What do the unfused portions of the paramesonephric ducts give rise to?

A

Fallopian tubes

29
Q

What do the paramesonephric ducts fuse with and what forms at this place?

A

They fuse together and then with the sinus tubercle

Hymen forms here

30
Q

What structure does the penis form from?

A

Genital tubercle

31
Q

What structure does labia majora form from?

A

Labiosacral folds

32
Q

What structure does labia minora form from?

A

Urogenital folds

33
Q

What structure is the clitoris form from?

A

Genital tubercle

34
Q

What is the most recent classification of uterine abnormality?

A

ESHRE classification

Reproduction (25 decks)

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