Appraising the Trustworthiness and Integrity in Qualitative Research

Question 1

There is an argument on what reagrding qualitative researchers

Answer 1

should qualitative researchers return to the terminology of the social sciences

a debate about rigor and validity - should there be validity if there is no way to measure it - is validity absurd?

Question 2

How is validity important to qualitative and quantitative studies? How does it differ in qualitative research?

Answer 2

It is an appropriate quality criterion in both bu qualitative researchers have to use different methods to achieve it since there is no way of measuring traditional validity of their data

Question 3

What is the generic v specific standard argument

Answer 3

Should there be a generic set of quality standards or a specific standard needed for different qualitative traditions

Some frameworks and criteria strive to be generic while others are specific to a tradition

Question 4

What is the terminology proliferation and confusion problem in qualitative analysis

Answer 4

there is no common vocabulary so terminology can be confusing

words like goodness, truth value, integrity, trustworthiness, validity and rigor may all be used in one study or another while other refute these terms

Question 5

In actuality how is qualitative research usually reacted to be readers

Answer 5

usually differently based on who is reading it - like a poem each reader finds different meaning

Question 6

What is the current cold standard of qualitative quality criteria

Answer 6

Lincoln and Guba’s Quality Criteria (However these are still not universally accepted and are just proposals still)

Question 7

The key goal in Lincoln and Guba’s Quality Criteria is ____

Answer 7

trustworthiness

This concerns the “Truth value” of qualitative data, analysis and interpretation

Question 8

What are the (now) 5 criteria for enhancing trustworthiness of a qualitative inquiry according to Lincoln and Guba

Answer 8

1. Credibility
2. Dependability
3. Confirmability
4. Transferability
5. Authenticity (New)

Question 9

Credibility

Answer 9

refers to confidence in the truth value of the data and interpretations of them

Qualitative researchers must strive to establish this confidence in the truth of the findings

Question 10

What is the quantitative analog to Credibility

Answer 10

Internal Validity

Question 11

Credibility involves what 2 aspects

Answer 11

1. Carrying out the study in a way that enhances the believability of the findings
2. Taking steps to demonstrate credbility to external readers

Question 12

Despite credibility not being universally accepted…

Answer 12

it is used in many quality frameworks

Question 13

Dependability

Answer 13

stability of data over time and over conditions

So: Would the study findings be repeated if the inquiry were repicated wiht the same (or similar) participants in the same (or similar) context?

Question 14

What is the quantitative analog of Dependability

Answer 14

Reliability

Question 15

____ cannot be attained in the absence of dependability

Answer 15

credibility (cant have confidence if you dont have the stability)

Question 16

Confirmability

Answer 16

Refers to the objectivity - the potential for congruence between two or more independent people about the datas accuracy, relevance, or meaning

Establishing that the data represent the information participants provided and that the interpretations of those data are not IMAGINED by the inquirer

Question 17

What is the quantitative analog of Confirmability

Answer 17

Objectivity

Question 18

What is required for Confirmability to be achieved?

Answer 18

The findings must reflect the participants voice and the conditions of the inquiry, not the researchers biases

Question 19

Transferability

Answer 19

The extent to which qualitative findings have applicability in other settings or groups

Question 20

What is the quantitative analog of Transferability

Answer 20

Generalizability

Question 21

Authenticity

Answer 21

Conveys the feeling tone of participants lives as they are living them

Sense of the mood, experience, language, and context of those lives of the participants

Question 22

What is the quantitative analog for Authenticity

Answer 22

There is none - there is no mood in quantitative research

Question 23

A text has authenticity when…

Answer 23

it invites readers into a vicarious experience of the lives being described and enables readers to develop a heightened sensitivity to the issues being depicted

Like reading a good book- you feel like you are a part of the mood and such in qualitative research

Question 24

What are some quality enhancement strategies during data collection in qualitative research

Answer 24

Prolonged Engagement

Persistent Observation

Reflexivity Strategies

Comprehensive and vivid recording of information

Maintenance of an audit trail and decision trail

Member Checking (Controversial)

Question 25

Prolonged Engagement

Answer 25

strategy of quality data collection investing sufficient time to have an indepth understanding of the data ex: Reasearcher interviews 17 nurses individuall and puts in time for a better understanding

Question 26

Persistent Observation

Answer 26

Strategy of quality data collection intensive focus on salience of data being gathered - so researchers focus on the characteristics or aspects of the situation ex: Researcher and colleagues spend 400 hours of data collection observing all 3 shifts in a place to see how elderly care was done

Question 27

Reflexivity Strategy

Answer 27

strategy of quality data collection attending to researchers effect on data Their unique background, values, and professional identity affect data they will keep a reflection journal to write thoughts and feelings and own up to biases

Question 28

Audit Trail

Answer 28

a systematic collection of documentation and materials

Question 29

Decision Trail

Answer 29

Specifices decision rules

Question 30

Member Checking

Answer 30

a controversial method of quality assurance in qual. Providing feedback to participants about emerging interpretations and obtaining their reactions Issue is they may change how they act as a result (ex: Bedside report and pain)

Question 31

Triangulation

Answer 31

The use of multiple referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth

Question 32

Data Triangulation

Answer 32

the use of multiple data sources for the purpose of validating conclusions involves Time and Space Triangulation Denzin

Question 33

Time Triangulation

Answer 33

Time Involves collecting data on the same phenomenon or about the same people at differnet points in time - throughout the day, weeks, couple of years etc

Question 34

Space Triangulation

Answer 34

Space Collecting data on the same phenomenon in multiple sites - ex: Across binghamton, across nursing building, across the globe, etc

Question 35

Method Triangulation

Answer 35

the use of multiple methods of data collection to study the same phenomenon

Question 36

Quality Assurance Strategies of Qualitative Research Relating to Coding and Analysis

Answer 36

Searching for disconfirming evidence as the analysis proceeds/ Negative Case Analysis Peer review and debriefing Inquiry Audit

Question 37

What is involved in Negative Case Analysis

Answer 37

searching for cases that appear to discredit earlier hypotheses Qual. research does NOT start with a hypothesis so we search for disconfirming evidence as the analysis proceeds, through purposive/theoretical sampling of cases that can challenge the interpretations

Question 38

Inquiry Audit

Answer 38

a formal scrutiny of the data and relevant supporting documents and decisions by an external reviewer with no involvement in the research they will ask about researcher biases, errors of facts, or if data gathered accurately describes the phenomenong being studied These questions will help strengthen the overall project

Question 39

Quality Assurance Strategies related to Presentation of Qualitative Research

Answer 39

Thick and Contextualized Description - vivid portrayal of study participants, their context, and the phenomenon under study Researcher Credibility

Question 40

Researcher Credibility

Answer 40

enhancing confidence by sharing relevant aspects of the researcher's experience, credentials and motivation in qualitative research ex: 2 researchers looking into neuromusculoskeletal issues worked with children prior to the study and one of them has a kid with the disorder

Question 41

In qualitative presentation, the more ___ the better

Answer 41

description

Question 42

Interpretation in qualitative inquiry (Making meaning from the data) relies on what

Answer 42

adequate incubation

Question 43

Adequate Incubation

Answer 43

the process of living the data ex: The person should have an AH-HA! moment and you want this moment as well - the AH-HA! moment is what fits everything together and makes sense

Question 44

What are the similar interpretive issues in qualitative research to quantitative research

Answer 44

Credibility Meaning Importance Transferability Implications