Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NURS360 - Socialization II: Nursing Research > Understanding the Analysis of Qualitative Data > Flashcards

Understanding the Analysis of Qualitative Data Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the rules for analyzing qualitative data?

A

There is no universal rules - no one way to do an analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is qualitative analysis like

A

it is very labor intensive

requires creativity

arguably harder than quantitative analysis but easier to understand

oftentimes in teams to work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most important thing to do at the start of qualitative analysis to allow for data management and organization

A

develop a coding scheme for coding your qualitative data

It involves looking at data for underlying concepts

You can do this via manual methods of organization like conceptual files and coding or computerized methods like CAQDAS and ATLUSTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some common coding schemes to choose from

A

Descriptive Coding

Process Coding

Concept Coding

In Vivo Coding

Holistic Coding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Descriptive Coding

A

Uses mainly nouns as codes and is often used by beginnin qualitative researchers

takes the big piece of data and compresses it into a small code

ex: “The other day we ran out of everything and we had to go to a church and get food” –> Code: Food pantry use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Does descriptive coding give insight into the meaning of data

A

no it does not give much insight into meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Process Coding

A

Often involves using gerunds (verbs ending in -ing researchers use as nouns) as codes to connote action and observable activity in the data

ex: “The other day we ran out of everything and we had to go to a church and get food” –> Code: Dealing with food shortages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Concept Coding

A

involves using a word or phrase to represent symbolically a broad meaning beyond observable facts or bheaviors

the codes are usually nouns or gerunds

ex: The other day we ran out of everything and we had to go to a church and get food –> Code: Coping with the risk of hunger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In Vivo Coding

A

involves using participant generated words and phrases

Ex: The other day we ran out of everything and we had to go to a church and get food –> Code: Ran out of everything; had to go to a churhc for food

Direct quotation coding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What coding type is often the initial coding used in many grounded theory studies

A

In Vivo Coding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Holistic Coding

A

involves using codes to grasp broad ideas in large “chunks” of data rather than coding smaller segments

Ex: “I but on deals. I learned how to, you know, what to buy and what not to buy. Where to shop where to look for sales/ Ill go to all the sotres and I clip coupons from the paper and stuff but sometimes that is not enough the other day we ran out of everything and we had to go to a church and get food” –> Code: Food management strategies

Involves reducing a large chunk into a small code of theme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Once a coding scheme is developed what happens?

A

the data are read in their entirety and coded for correspondence to the categories

one paragraph may even have 3-4 codes

the researchs may modify the initial coding scheme with new ideas for new codes as well - it can take a long time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are analytic procedures of qualitative studies universally used?

A

No the procedures used are unique to each study, but the qualitative analysis puts segments together into meaningful conceptual patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the basic, non universal way, to start qualitative analysis?

A
  1. ID broad categories
    - cluster codes that are connected conceptually
  2. ID themes
    - pattern them into smaller more manageable bits of data
  3. Final analysis - Weave the thematic pieces into an integrated whole to provide overall structure to the data
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Theme

A

an abstract entity that brings meaning and identity to a current experience and its variant manifestations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Themes are never ____

A

universal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Some researchers use ____ as an analytic strategy, which are symbolic comparisons, using figurative language to envoke visual analogies

A

metaphors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Qualitative Content Analysis

A

analyzing the content of narrative data to ID prominent themes and patterns across them

Involves breaking down data into smaller (meaning) units

May involve taking the manifest content and analyzing the latent content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Meaning Units

A

the smallest segment of a text that contains a recognizable piece of information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Manifest Content

A

Content of what the text ACTUALLY SAYS

so if the person is saying they went to church for food that is the exact content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Latent Content

A

content that is an interpretation of meaning

ex: If they say they went to church for food it may be understood as poverty, famine, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is always needed fr latent content to occur

A

manifest content

you cant have the latent without the manifest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Thematic Analysis

A

Braun and Clarke

This is an accessible and theoretically flexible approach to analyzing qualitative data seen as a foundational method for qualitative analysis

involves 6 phases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

6 Phases of Thematic Analysis

A
  1. Familiarize oneself with the data
  2. Generate initial codes
  3. Search for themes
  4. Reviewing the themes
  5. Defining and naming the themes
  6. Producing the report
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Ethnographic Analysis
Ethnographers continually look for patterns in the behavior and thoughts of participants, comparing pattern against another The ethnographer analyzes data for deeper undertanding of the culture being looked at Uses maps, flowcharts, organizational charts, matrices to help highlight a comparison graphically and discover emerging patterns
26
What is the main method of ethnographic analysis
Spradley's Method
27
Spradley's Method
ethnographic analysis involves 4 levels of data analysis that leads to discovery of cultural meaning
28
What are the 4 levels of Spradley's Method
1. Domain Analysis 2. Taxonomic Analysis 3. Componential Analysis 4. Theme Analysis
29
Domain Analysis
Broadest level of Spradley's method (#1) Involves lookling at domains - broad categories representing units of cultural knowledge - and ethnographers ID relational patterns among the domain terms that are used by members of the culture So, the ethnographer will focus on cultural meaning of terms and symbols (Objects and events) used in a culture and their interrelationships TERMS AND SYMBOLS USED IN THAT CULTURE AND HOW THEY RELATE TO EACH OTHER
30
Taxonomic Analysis
#2/Second level of Spradleys Method Ethnographers decide how many domains the analysis will encompass and after making a decision, a TAXONOMY is developed to illustrate the internal organization of a larger domain
31
Domain
broad categories that represent units of cultural knowledge
32
Taxonomy
a system of classifying and organizing terms
33
Componential Analysis
#3/ Third level of Spradleys Method Multiple relationships among terms in the domains are examined - the ethnographer analyzes data for similarities and differences among cultural terms in a domain
34
Theme Analysis
#4/Fourth level of Spradleys Method Cultural themes are uncovered - domains are connected in cultural themes, which help to provide a holistic view of the culture being studied
35
What is the final outcome of Spradley's Method
the discovery of cultural meaning
36
What are the 3 broad schools of phenomenological analysis
1. Duquesne School (Descriptive Phenomenology) 2. Utrecht School (Descriptive and Interpretive Phenomenology) 3. Heideggerian Hermeneutics (Interpretive)
37
What 3 ideas and researchers came from the Duquesne School of Phenomenological Analysis
1. Colaizzi - Validation of results by the participants 2. Giorgi - It is inappropriate to return to study participants to validate findings or to use external judges looking at the content 3. Van Kaam - phen. analysis needs intersubjective agreement that is reached with other judges (those outside the study)
38
What is the Utrecht School of Phenomenological Analysis
Van Manen Combines descriptive and interpretive phenomenology and provides 3 methods of approach: Holistic, Details, and Selective
39
Holistic Method of Phenomenological Analysis
Ultrecht School View texts from the study as a whole and interpreting meaning from the entire text (Captures meaning from the entire paragraph as a whole)
40
Details Method of Phenomenological Analysis
Ultrecht School Go line by line and analyze every single sentence
41
Selective Method of Phenomenological Research
Picking and choosing what you think is essential to the experience of the study
42
Benner's Hermeneutic Analysis
Allows studying experimental traditions and cultures that shape normal everyday practices Involves searching for paradigm cases, performing thematic analysis and then analyzing exemplars
43
When is Benner's Hermeneutic Analysis usually used
early in the qualitative process in order to gain understanding
44
Paradigm Cases
strong instances of concerns or ways of being in the world They undergo thematic analysis to compare and contrast similarities among them in Hermeneutic Analysis
45
Grounded Theory Analysis is purely...
social; how people behave in relation to one another
46
Grounded Theory requires...
condesning information into a very small code from a massive text to make sure we do not have to keep re-reading
47
Comparisons of ___ is involved in grounded theory
people
48
What are the 3 main approaches to coding in grounded theory
1. Glaserian Approach 2. Strauss and Corbin's Method of Grounded Theory 3. Constructivist Grounded Theory Approach
49
Glaserian Approach to Grounded Theory Coding
Breaking down and conceptualizing data, with comparisons so that patterns emerge Involves using Substantive codes like Open, Core, and Selective as well as Theoretical Codes
50
In the glaserian approachl, coding helps researchers...
ID similar information and sort information into patterns
51
Open Codes
3 types/levels of substantive codes Open Code end when the core category is identified
52
What is the difference between the 3 levels of Open Codes
Level 1 - In Vivo Codes - Derived directly from the language used Level 2- More broad, typically words researchers have come up with Level 3 - Most abstract codes
53
Core Category
Main theme / overarching code in grounded theory qualitative analysis One such type of core category is a Basic Social Process (BSP)
54
Basic Social Processes are always ____ ____ but not all ____ ___ are basic social processes
Core categories/core categories
55
Selective Codes
Codes relating back to the core category only these integrate the codes to form a theory so its taking and choosing the core category and relating all the other codes to that main category
56
Theoretical Codes
Codes in grounded theory glaserian approach that provide insight into how codes relate back to each other it helps researchers take broken pieces of data and weave them back together to look at the bigger picture
57
What are some examples of Theoretical Code Families
Process - stages, phases, passages, transitions Strategy - tactics, techniques, maneuvering Cutting point - boundaries, turning points
58
What is coding using the 6 Cs
A Glaserian Approach to looking at families of theoretical codes It allows you to look at some data or excerpt and code it easily and group themes
59
What are the 6 Cs
``` Causes Contexts Conditions Contingencies (Alternatives) Consequences Covariances ```
60
What is Strauss and Corbin's Method of Grounded Theory Qualitative Analysis
Breaking down and conceptualizing data which includes taking apart a single sentence observation of incidence Involves Open, Axial, and Selective Coding
61
Open Coding in Strauss and Corbin's Method
data is broken down into parts and concepts and are ID'ed or meaning is interpreted from the broad data
62
Axial Coding
Analysis will code for the context
63
Selective Coding
Deciding on the central (or core) category
64
Outcome for the Strauss and Corbin Model
A full conceptual description
65
Constructivist Grounded Theory Approach
Creating a link between collecting data and developing emergent theory - defining what is occurring in data and beginning to analyze what it means Uses Initial Coding and Focused Coding Involves participant involvement in analysis
66
Initial Coding v Focused Coding
Initial: Data are studied to learn what participants view as problematic Focused: ID most significant initial code and then theoretically code it
67
What is the general idea behind all coding
Start very broad with large chunks of data and get smallers as you go along - you want to get meaning from the transcript, and it is why the qualitative researcher uses teams since it is so intensive

NURS360 - Socialization II: Nursing Research (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions