Approach to GU Complaint Flashcards

(64 cards)

1
Q

Developmental stage characterized by transition from sexual immaturity to sexual maturity

A

Puberty

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2
Q

Gonadarche

A

Activation of gonads by FSH and LH

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3
Q

Thelarche

A

Breast development due to Estrogen

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4
Q

Menarche

A

1st menstrual cycle

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5
Q

When does menarche usually occur compared to puberty?

A

Occurs 2-3 years after puberty begins

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6
Q

Spermarche

A

1st sperm production

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7
Q

Pubarche

A

Pubic hair development

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8
Q

At what ages does puberty begin for females?

A

10-14

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9
Q

At what ages does puberty begin for males?

A

11-16

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10
Q

Besides the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics, what grows in size with puberty?

A

Thyroid gland

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11
Q

What is the first sign of puberty for females?

A

Breast development

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12
Q

Between what breast development stages does menarche normally start?

A

Between stages 3 and 4

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13
Q

For females, breast development and pubic hair occur at what ages?

A

8-13

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14
Q

For males, pubic hair and male genitalia growth occur at what ages?

A

9-13.5

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15
Q

What 4 histories are important to obtain from a woman?

A
  1. Menstrual history
  2. Gynecologic history
  3. Obstetrical history
  4. Sexual history
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16
Q

Gravida

A

Number of pregnancies

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17
Q

Para

A

Number of viable births

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18
Q

Para can be broken down into?

A

T - term births > 37 weeks
P - preterm births between 20-37 weeks
A - abortions before 20 weeks
L - live births no matter the age of gestation

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19
Q

ex. 4 pregnancies, 1 spontaneous abortion, 1 fetal demise at 28 weeks

A

G4P2112

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20
Q

ex. 5 pregnancies, 3 term deliveries, 1 spontaneous abortion at 12 weeks, 1 live delivery at 35 weeks

A

G5P3114

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21
Q

Between what ages is a well woman exam suggested?

A

21-65

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22
Q

How often should a well woman exam be performed for women with abnormal pap smears?

A

Every year

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23
Q

How often should a well woman exam be performed for women with consecutively normal pap smears?

A

Every 3 years

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24
Q

How often should a well woman exam be performed for women with consecutively normal pap smears and a negative HPV test?

A

Every 5 years

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25
At what age should mammograms be performed?
After 50 years of age unless high risk, then before that
26
What does a pap smear screen for?
Cervical cancer
27
What mostly causes cervical cancer?
HPV strains
28
From where in the cervix should samples be taken with a pap smear and where do most cervical cancers occur?
1. Ectocervix 2. Transitional zone 3. Endocervix 4. Squamous Columnar Junction (SCJ) - Most cervical cancers occur at transition zone
29
Pap smears and pelvic exams both use?
Speculums
30
What is performed with a pelvic exam?
1. Inspection of internal and external genitalia 2. Bimanual exam 3. Check for cervical motion tenderness with Bimanual exam 4. Obtain swabs if necessary
31
Describe the steps to a Bimanual exam
1. Insert speculum and inspect internal and external genitalia 2. Take speculum out and insert index and middle finger with one hand and press up 3. Use other hand to feel vagina, uterus, ovaries on the outside and compare on both sides
32
Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy
Abdominal/pelvic pain with vaginal bleeding | - breast tenderness and nausea may or may not be present
33
If a female presents with abdominal pain/pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding what should you do?
ALWAYS A PREGNANCY TEST
34
UTI symptoms
Dysuria, urinary urgency and frequency, suprapubic pain
35
What special test maybe be positive with UTI?
Lloyd's sign
36
How often should men get a well male exam?
NOT recommended routinely
37
When are men suggested to get a well male exam?
ONLY based on signs and symptoms
38
Testicular cancer is more common in what age group?
Younger males
39
What would you palpate for a male exam?
Scrotum, penile shaft, glans, inguinal region and prostate via digital rectal exam
40
Indirect inguinal hernia bulges into?
Scrotum
41
Direct inguinal hernia does not bulge into?
Scrotum
42
How do you test for an inguinal hernia?
Invaginate scrotal skin with index finger into inguinal canal and have patient cough
43
5 Ps of sexual history?
``` Partners Practices Prevention of pregnancy Protection Past history of STI ```
44
STI
Sexually Transmitted Infection
45
What are the workup options for a STI?
Microscopy Wet mount - sample viewed under microscope Nucleic acid amplification test Serologic - blood test for antibodies
46
Gonorrhea, bacteria or virus?
Bacteria
47
Male symptoms with Gonorrhea
Asymptomatic or penile discharge
48
Female symptoms with Gonorrhea
Vaginal discharge and pelvic pain
49
If Gonorrhea or Chlamydia go untreated, what could they cause?
PID - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease | Infertility due to scarring
50
Chlamydia, bacteria or virus?
Bacteria
51
Male symptoms with Chlamydia
Asymptomatic or penile discharge, itch
52
Female symptoms with Chlamydia
Discharge, vaginal bleeding, pain with intercourse
53
Syphilis, bacteria or virus?
Bacteria
54
Primary spyhilis
Painless ulcer (chancre)
55
Secondary syphilis
Joint pain, fatigue and rash
56
Tertiary syphilis
Neurosyphilis - confusion
57
Genital Herpes, bacteria or virus?
Virus
58
Signs of genital herpes?
Clusters of vesicles on genitalia with burning/pain
59
How do you get rid of genital herpes?
YOU DON'T | - travels to spinal cord and remains for life
60
Trichomonasis (protozoa) - organism with?
Flagella
61
Male symptoms of Trichomonasis
Asymptomatic
62
Female symptoms of Trichomonasis
Foul smelling discharge, dysuria, itch
63
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) main sign?
Genital warts
64
What can HPV lead to if not treated?
Cancers! - This is why you do a pap smear