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ECOS 2 Pre-Midterm > Lymphatics > Flashcards

Lymphatics Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 3 anatomical components of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Lymph fluid
  2. Lymphatic vessels
  3. Lymphatic tissues/organs
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2
Q

Main function of the lymphatic system?

A

Homeostasis - immune, digestive, waste, etc.

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3
Q

When does the lymphatic system begin to develop?

A

5th week of gestation

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4
Q

Why is breast feeding recommended?

A

The lymphoid tissue is immature at birth

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5
Q

4 functions of lymphatic system?

A
  1. Maintain fluid balance
  2. Tissue purification - lymph bathes organs, cleanses toxins and bacteria
  3. Defense - lymph nodes contains immune cells, Ag processing and presentation
  4. Nutrition - Fat absorption via chylomicrons, returns proteins to vasculature
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6
Q

When fluid overload occurs, the lymphatic system helps prevent tissue damage by ________

A

Clearing excess

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7
Q

_____ of lymph is necessary for appropriate immune function

A

Free flow

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8
Q

4 tissues that do NOT have lymphatic vessels?

A
  1. Epidermis including hair and nails
  2. Endomysium of muscle
  3. Cartilage
  4. Bone marrow
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9
Q

Describe the pathway for lymph

A 
Terminal lymphatics
Collecting vessels
Afferent lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Efferent lymph vessels
Lymphatic trunks
Thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct 
Venous system
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10
Q

Collecting vessels consist of chains of muscular units called?

A

Lymphangions - contract to move lymph in peristaltic waves

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11
Q

Lymphangions contain what type of muscle?

A

Smooth

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12
Q

2 types of lymph nodes?

A

Superficial - in subcutaneous tissue

Deep

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13
Q

Function of lymph nodes

A

Filtration of fluid, maturation of lymphocytes and phagocytosis of bacteria

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14
Q

What are the lymphatic trunks?

A
  1. Lumbar
  2. Intestinal
  3. Bronchomediastinal
  4. Subclavian
  5. Jugular
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15
Q

Efferent lymphatic vessels drain into?

A

Lymphatic trunks

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16
Q

This trunk drains lymph from lower limbs and pelvic organs

A

Lumbar

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17
Q

This trunk drains lymph from abdominal viscera

A

Intestinal

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18
Q

This trunk drains portions of thorax

A

Bronchomediastinal

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19
Q

This trunk drains upper limbs

A

Subclavian

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20
Q

This trunk drains portions of neck and head

A

Jugular

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21
Q

What drains the lymphatic trunks of the lower body?

A

Cisterna chyli

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22
Q

Where is the cisterna chyli?

A

L1-L2

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23
Q

What gives rise to the thoracic duct?

A

Cisterna chyli at L1-2

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24
Q

What drains into the thoracic duct?

A

Left head, Left neck, Left UE, Left thorax/abdomen

EVERYTHING INFERIOR TO UMBILICUS

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25
What does the thoracic duct empty into?
Left subclavian and Left internal jugular veins
26
What drains into the Right lymphatic duct?
Right head, Right neck, Right UE, R thorax | Heart and lungs
27
What does the right lymphatic duct empty into?
Right subclavian and Right internal jugular venous JUNCTION
28
Swollen, soft and painful lymph node may indicate?
Infection
29
Swollen, hard and non-painful lymph node may indicate?
Malignancy
30
Virchow's lymph node may indicate?
Abdominal cancer
31
Epitrochlear lymph nodes (elbow) may indicate?
Secondary syphilis
32
Largest single mass of lymphoid tissue?
Spleen
33
Functions of the spleen?
Destroy damaged RBC Synthesize immunoglobulin Clear bacteria
34
Half of the body's lymph is formed at this lymphoid tissue and it clears bacteria
Liver
35
Lymphoid tissue for maturation side of T cells and no real function in an adult
Thymus
36
Lymphoid tissue that helps to build immunity in early life, no real function in an adult
Tonsils
37
Lymphoid tissue that is a part of the GALT
Appendix
38
Visceral lymphoid tissue consists of?
GALT - peyer's patches and lacteals (SI in villi)
39
What 2 diaphragms contract and pull fluid centrally and superiorly?
Thoracic diaphragm | Pelvic diaphragm
40
What are the effects of the sympathetic nervous system on lymph valves?
- This creates tighter valves | - - Causes DECREASED lymph flow into the venous system
41
What are the effects of the sympathetic nervous system on lymphatic smooth muscle?
- This causes DECREASED peristalsis | - - Causes LYMPHATIC CONGESTION
42
OMT to address _______ improves lymphatic function
Hypersympatheticonia
43
What is the main consequence of poorly functioning lymphatic system?
EDEMA = buildup of interstitial fluid
44
Edema causes an increase in interstitial pressures which causes lymphatic vessels to collapse. What does this cause?
More edema
45
Effects of edema?
- Decreased nutrient and oxygen delivery because of compression of structures - Decreased tissue waste removal - Decreased pathogen/bacteria clearance
46
Techniques designed to remove impediments to lymphatic circulation and promote flow of interstitial fluid and lymph
Lymphatic OMT
47
Goal of lymphatic OMT?
Balanced, well-functioning system in which NO edema occurs
48
What are some indications for lymphatic OMT?
Edema Respiratory infections Asthma, COPD
49
What are the absolute contraindications for lymphatic OMT?
Anuria - kidneys must be functioning | Necrotizing fasciitis in treatment area
50
Common compensatory pattern?
Left Right Left Right
51
Uncommon compensatory pattern?
Right Left Right Left
52
Where are the fascial patterns of zink?
OA/C1 C7/T1 T12/L1 L5/Sacrum
53
What are the transverse restrictors?
Tentorium cerebelli Thoracic inlet Thoracolumbar diaphragm Pelvic diaphragm
54
Uncompensated patterns usually are?
Symptomatic and a trauma is involved
55
What part of the lymphatic system is the main purifier?
Lymph nodes
56
For tissue purification, lymph collects toxins, bacteria and waste and travels to?
Lymph nodes for purification
57
Describe how lymphatic system is important in defense?
Lymph fluid brings the toxins and bacteria to lymph nodes where it comes into contact with immune cells
58
What is lymph fluid?
Substances that leak out of capillaries/organs into interstitial space
59
Collecting vessels consist of?
Lymphangions
60
Lymphangions have how many leaflet bicuspid valves?
2
61
What is innervating the collecting vessles?
ANS
62
What is the path of lymph through a lymph node?
1. Afferent lymphatics - opposite hilum 2. Subscapular space - DC's and macrophages 3. Outer cortex - B cells 4. Deep cortex - T cells 5. Medullary sinus - B cells and plasma cells 5. Effect lymphatics - hilum where lymph exits
63
What is at the core of a lymph node?
Medullary sinus
64
Subscapular space of a lymph node contains?
Dendritic cells and macrophages
65
What part of a lymph node contains T cells?
Deep cortex
66
What part of a lymph node contains B cells?
Outer cortex and medullary sinus
67
The thoracic duct drains the entire lower body and left upper body. It takes a ____ turn to dump into _____
U-turn | Dumps into Left subclavian and Left internal jugular veins
68
The right lymphatic duct drains the right upper body. Where does it originate?
Junction of right jugular and subclavian trunks
69
The movement of _____ controls the spleen and liver fluid movement
Diaphragm
70
What drives the lymphatic fluid to flow?
Negative interstitial fluid pressure
71
What occurs if the interstitial fluid pressure is greater than zero?
Flow ceases
72
What creates the pressure gradients and peristalsis in lymphatic vessles?
Smooth muscle contractions
73
Healthy people are considered to have what type of compensatory pattern?
Alternating
74
Un-compensated patterns
Do NOT alternate = considered less healthy
75
"Ideal pattern"
NO preference for fascial rotation in any zone

ECOS 2 Pre-Midterm (14 decks)

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