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Approaches Flashcards

1
Q

What does the biological approach assume

A

Behaviour caused by hormones, genetics, evolution and CNS

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2
Q

What is the biological approach on determinism

A

Biological determinism- behaviour is determined by biological factors

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3
Q

What is the biological approach’s view on nature vs nurture

A

Nature
Innate biological factors

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4
Q

What does the biological approach test on

A

Human and animals

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5
Q

Is the biological approach scientific

A

Yes as promotes scientific methods such as brain scanning

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6
Q

What methods do the biological approach use

A

Experiments and twin studies

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7
Q

What does the biological approach ignore

A
  • environment issues
  • cognitive structures
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8
Q

Is the biological approach conscious or unconscious

A

Unconscious

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9
Q

What is the assumptions of the behaviourist approach

A

Behaviour is learnt and the mind is irrelevant

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10
Q

What is the behaviourist view on determinism

A

Environmental determinism
Behaviour controlled by stimulus response conditioning

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11
Q

What is the behaviourist view on nature vs nurture

A

Nurture
All born blank slates everything is learnt

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12
Q

What does the behaviourist approach test on

A

Humans and animals

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13
Q

is the behaviourist approach scientific

A

yes as uses lab studies and animal research

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14
Q

what methods do behaviourists use

A

experiments
only observable behaviour is measured

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15
Q

what does the behaviourist approach ignore

A
  • genetics
  • personality
  • cognition
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16
Q

what is the behavioural approach known for

A

classical and operant conditoning

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17
Q

what is social learning theory

A

behaviour is learnt through observation and imitation

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18
Q

what is social learning theorys view on nature vs nurture

A

nurture
* learn through classical and operant conditioning

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19
Q

what do social learning theory test on

A

humans (bobo doll)

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20
Q

what methods do social learning theory use

A

experiments on measurable behaviour

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21
Q

what does social learning theory ignore

A
  • cognition
  • genetics
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22
Q

what is social learning theory known for

A
  • vicarious reinforcement
  • mediational processes
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23
Q

what are the cognitive theory’s assumptions

A
  • brain is like a computer
  • focuses on mental processes
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24
Q

whats the cognitive theory’s view on free will vs determinism

A

soft determinism
* behaviour controlled by mediational processes but we choose what information we tend to

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25
does cognitive theory believe in nature or nurture
both * behaviour is a result of info processing and modified by experience
26
what does cognitive theory test on
humans only
27
is the cognitive theory scientific
mostly * uses scientific methods but cannot directly observe cognitive processes
28
what methods do cognitive theory use
lab, field and natural experiments
29
what does cognitive theory ignore
* genetics * personality * motivation
30
what is cognitive theory known for
* schemas * cognitive neuroscience
31
what is the psychodynamic approaches assumptions
* behaviour influenced by childhood * innate drives and motivation
32
what is the psychodynamic approaches view on free will vs determinism
determinism * behaviour determined by unconscious drives and early childhood experiences
33
what is the psychodynamic approaches view on nature vs nurture
mostly nature * behaviour product of innate drive but shaped in early childhood experiences
34
what does psychodynamic approach test on
humans only ( little hans , anna o)
35
is the psychodynamic approach scientific
no * examines theories and concepts that cant be imperially tested so relies on subjective interpretations
36
what methods does the psychodynamic approach use
case studies and therapy * dream analysis * freudian slip
37
what does the psychodynamic approach ignore
* positive emotions * normal individuals * biological factors
38
what is the psychodynamic approach known for
* psychosexual stages * personality * defence mechanisms
39
what is the humanistic approaches assumptions
individuals should be driven to full potential
40
what is the humanistic approaches view on free will vs determinism
free will * control own environment and are capable of change
41
what is the humanistic approaches view on nature vs nurture
mostly nurture * behaviour shaped by environment as humans strive for self actualisation
42
what does the humanistic approach test on
humans only
43
is the humanistic approach scientific
no * rejects scientific methods so unable to provide empirical evidence
44
what methods does the humanistic approach use
* qualitative data * reports * therapy
45
what does the humanistic approach ignore
* biological factors * childhood * development * cognition
46
what is the humanistic approach known for
* maslows hierarchy of needs * rogers self actualisation
47
when was wundt
1879
48
what did wundt do
first experimental lab in germany - emergment of psychology
49
when was freud
1900s
50
what approach is freud
psychodynamic
51
what year was watson
1913
52
what approach is watson
behaviourist
53
what year was rogers and maslow
1950s
54
what approach are rogers and maslow
humanistic
55
what year was bandura
1960s
56
what approach is bandura
social learining theory
57
when did the cognative approach become an idea
1950s
58
when did the biological approach become and idea
1880s
59
what order did the approaches come in x7
* psychodynamic * behaviourist * humanistic * cognitive * social learning theory * biological * cognitive neuroscience
60
what did wundt do
study the structure of the mind by breaking down behaviours such as sensation and perception into basic elements
61
what methods did wundt use
highly trained observers with carefully controlled sensory events, repeated introspection
62
what is introspection
ptps asked to reflect on own cognitive processes and describe them
63
what is classical conditioning
learning through association
64
what did pavlovs dogs look at
classical conditioning
65
what is the neutral stimulus un pavlovs study
bell
66
what is the unconditional stimulus in pavlovs study
food
67
what is the unconditional response in pavovs study
salivation
68
what did pavlov do
teach dogs to associate a bell noise with being fed
69
what is the conditioned stimulus in pavlovs study
bell
70
what is the conditioned stimulus in pavlovs study
salivation
71
who done the little albert study
watson and rayner
72
what happend in the little albert study
10 month old with no fears other than loud noise conditioned to associate loud noise with beloved pet rat and eventually generalised to fear similar looking objects
73
evaluate the little albert study
* psychological harm * cannot be genrralised * high control
74
what is operant condtioning
learning through reinforcment and punishment
75
what is reinforcment
something that strengthens a response and increases the likelihood it will happen again
76
what is positive reinforcment
plesent consequence happens
77
what is negative reinforcment
behaviour removes something unplesant
78
what is punishment
unplesent consequences following a behaviour
79
what did skinner do
operantly condition rats in box * food and leaver eventually turns to eletric shock
80
evaluate skinners rats
* real life application * controlled as done in lab * repeatable * animal cruelty * different to humans
81
what does SLT mean by identification
we imitate peoples behaviour we feel we identify with (role models)
82
what does SLT mean by imitation
child learns through imitation of attitudes and behaviour modled by parents and significant people
83
what does SLT mean by vicarious reinforcment
learning comes through observing the consequences of a models actions in terms of reward or punishment
84
what are the processes of SLT
A-ttention R-etention M-otor reproduction M-otivation
85
what did bandura do
bobo doll study
86
what was banduras 1st part of research
children watched 1) adult behaving agressive to bobo doll 2) adult behaving non agressivley to bobo doll
87
what did bandura find in the first part of his research
children mirrored the type of behaviour seen by adults towards doll
88
what did bandura do for the 2nd part of his research
children saw adult agressive with doll either 1) rewarded 2) punished 3) no consequence
89
what did bandura find in the second part of his research
children who saw agressive behaviour rewarded were more agressive to own doll
90
what does banduras research suggest
vicarous reinforment does take place
91
what is a schema
package of belifes and expectations on a topic that come from previous experiences
92
what is the role of theoretical models
simplified representation based on current research evidence

Psychology (10 decks)

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