Stress

Question 1

what is stress

Answer 1

state of psychological strain caused by an unplesent stimulus

Question 2

what is acute stress

Answer 2

little temporary stressor

Question 3

what is chronic stress

Answer 3

long term

Question 4

what is general adaptation syndrome

Answer 4

selyes explanation of how body responds in the same way to any stressor. they go through the stages alarm reaction, resistance and exhaustion

Question 5

what are the 3 stages of general adaption syndrome

Answer 5

1) alarm reaction
2) resistance
3) exhaustion

Question 6

what is the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal system (HPA)

Answer 6

controls how body responds to chronic stressor

Question 7

how does the HPA system work

Answer 7

hypothalamus triggers pituitary gland to release ACTH hormone which stimulates release of cortisol

Question 8

what is the sympathomedullary pathway (SAM)

Answer 8

controls how body initially responds to acute stressor

Question 9

how does the SAM pathway work

Answer 9

sympathetic nervous system triggers fight or flight response so adrenaline and noradrenaline can communicate with organs

Question 10

what happens during the alarm reaction in GAS

Answer 10

1) amygdala sends distress signal to hypothalamus
2) hypothalamus activates SAM pathway triggering adrenal glands
3) adrenaline and noradrenaline in bloodstream

Question 11

what happens during resistance in GAS

Answer 11

body adapts to stressor but uses up lots of resources, lowering immune system

Question 12

what happens during exhaustion in GAS

Answer 12

re-experience adrenaline causing more stress, damaging adrenal glands so less protein produced

Question 13

what was seyles study

Answer 13

injected rats daily to see stress response

Question 14

what did seyle find

Answer 14

after several months of stress, raths had psychological symptoms such as stomach ulcers. and over time has more serious problems.

also when in other stressful situations, had similar response ~ showing GAS

Question 15

what is immunosuppression

Answer 15

stress causes illness preventing the immune system from working efficiently and destroying germs and pathogens

Question 16

what is a cardiovascular disorder

Answer 16

any disorder affecting heart or blood vessels

Question 17

what was glasers study

Answer 17

75 medical students blood test 1 month before and during exams to measure natural killer cell activity. also done questionaire on stressors and loneliness

Question 18

what did glaser find

Answer 18

• NK cell activity significantly less in blood test 2
• more life stressors and loneliness = less activity

Question 19

what 3 reasons can stress cause heart problems

Answer 19

1) activates SNS+ ANS producing adrenaline constricting blood vessels so increases BP
2) increased HR wears away blood vessel lining
3) increased glucose creates clumps blocking up blood vessels

Question 20

what was lampens study

Answer 20

looked at heart attack stats during germanys 1996 world cup

Question 21

what did lampen find

Answer 21

when germany played, cardiac emergencies increased by 2.66% to control period.
caused by emotional stress

Question 22

what is a life change

Answer 22

big events in our life that cause major stressors as you have to mentally adapt to new circumstances

Question 23

what was holmes and rahes study

Answer 23

social reajustment scale

Question 24

what was holmes and rahes procedure

Answer 24

made list of 43 life events, got 400 ppl to rate how stressful each one, death of spouse top so got 100 points, and went down from there

Question 25

what did holmes and rahes find

Answer 25

150 points = reasonable health 150-300 points = 50% had illness 300+ points = 80% had illness

Question 26

what is a daily hassle

Answer 26

relativley minor fustrations and annoyances of every day life

Question 27

what is a daily uplift

Answer 27

positive experiences that boost mood

Question 28

how do you measure daily hassle

Answer 28

HSUP * measures respondents attitudes to hassles and uplifts * provides comfortable way to evaluate positive and negative events

Question 29

what was lazarus study

Answer 29

daily hassles and uplifts scale

Question 30

what was lazarus procedure

Answer 30

ptps do questionaire with 117 items on at end of day ranking things as either a daily hassle or uplift from 0-3 based on how often they experience. total scores added and indicate stress levels

Question 31

what is primary appraisal

Answer 31

come across something that hassles us and we work out how it could threaten our psychological health

Question 32

what is secondary appraisal

Answer 32

if we thing its bad for our psychological health we decide how well equiped we are to cope

Question 33

what is psychological appraisal

Answer 33

look at daily hassles in how we cope and what each hassle means to an individual

Question 34

what was kanners study

Answer 34

look at association between daily hassles, uplifts and symptoms of stress compared to outcomes

Question 35

what was kanners procedure

Answer 35

100 ppl hsvp scale, scale of life changes 1 month before exams and 10 months into. then done hopkins symptom checklist

Question 36

what did kanner find

Answer 36

positive correlation between hassles and psychiological symptoms

Question 37

how can you evaluate kanner

Answer 37

corrrelation not causation self report so lacks validity

Question 38

what was was gervais study

Answer 38

how uplifts and hassles effect nurses job performance

Question 39

what was gervais procedure

Answer 39

kept diary for 1 month recording hassles and uplifts

Question 40

what did gervais find

Answer 40

hassles increase strain uplifts improve performance

Question 41

what are the 2 general methods of measuring stress

Answer 41

SSRS and hassles and uplifts

Question 42

what does ssrs stand for

Answer 42

social reajustment rating scale

Question 43

who made ssrs

Answer 43

holmes and rahe