Attatchment

Question 1

Define attachment

Answer 1

Close, 2 way emotional bond between 2 individuals who see the other as essential for their own emotional security

Question 2

What are the 3 attatchment behaviours

Answer 2

• proximity
• separation distress
• secure base behaviour

Question 3

What is proximity as an attachment behaviour

Answer 3

Trying to stay physically close to who they are attached to

Question 4

What is separation distress as an attachment behaviour

Answer 4

Distressed when attachment figure leaves

Question 5

What is secure base behaviour as an attachment behaviour

Answer 5

Explore the environment but return to attatchment figure for comfort

Question 6

What are the 2 caregiver infant interactions

Answer 6

• reciprocity
• intersectional synchrony

Question 7

What is reciprocity

Answer 7

How 2 people interact that helps facilitate attatchment

Question 9

what was belsky et als study

Answer 9

controlled obervation studys to see mother-infant interactions when infant 1,3 and 9 moths old

Question 10

what did belsky et al find

Answer 10

if mothers demonstrated reciprocal interactions infants were more securely attached compared to those with less who tended to have more insecure attatchment

Question 11

what is interactional synchrony

Answer 11

mother and infant reflect actions and emotions of eachother

Question 13

what was meltzoff and moores study

Answer 13

interactional synchrony in infants from 2 weeks old
adult model showed 3 different facial expressions or gestures
infants response filmed

Question 14

what did meltzoff and moore find

Answer 14

found link between expression from adult and infants actions suggesting infant imitations indicate ability to form attatchments

Question 15

how has the role of the father changed in childcare

Answer 15

traditionally minor role but now more involvement

Question 16

what do some argue the new role of the father is in the family

Answer 16

offer a playmate role for children and respond to their child’s needs

Question 17

define multiple attachments

Answer 17

attachment to 2 or more people

Question 18

how long does it usually take before a child is attached to their father

Answer 18

18 months

Question 19

define fathers as a primary carer

Answer 19

they smile, imitate and comfort like mothers

Question 20

what year was grossmans study

Answer 20

2002

Question 21

what was grossmans study

Answer 21

longitudinal study
looked at parents behaviour and relationship and quality of child’s attachment into their teens

Question 22

what did grossman find

Answer 22

quality effected by relationship with mother not father showing fathers attachment less important as relates to play rather than nurturing

Question 23

what year was schaffer and emersons study

Answer 23

1964

Question 24

what was schaffer and emersons aim

Answer 24

look at formation of early attachments in ages of development and the emotional intensity

Question 25

what was schaffer and emersons procedure

Answer 25

observed 60 glaswegian babies for 18 months visited each month for year then at 18 months parents observe children and keep behaviour diary included left alone, in room with stranger etc

Question 26

what was schaffer and emersons results

Answer 26

25-32 weeks 50% had separation anxiety usually to biological mother at 40 weeks nearly 30% had formed secondary attachments

Question 27

what are schaffers 4 stages of attachment

Answer 27

1) asocial 2) indiscriminate attachment 3) specific attachment 4) multiple attachments

Question 28

what is the first stage of attachment

Answer 28

asocial

Question 29

when does the asocial stage happen

Answer 29

0-8 weeks

Question 30

what happens in the asocial stage

Answer 30

* little observable behaviour * happier with others than alone * smile at anyone * preference for familiar people

Question 31

what is the second stage if attachment

Answer 31

indiscriminate attachment

Question 32

when does indiscriminate attachment happen

Answer 32

2-7 months

Question 33

what happens at the indiscriminate attachment stage

Answer 33

* more observable behaviour * accept comfort from anyone * smile at unfamiliar faces

Question 34

what is the third stage of attachment

Answer 34

specific attachment

Question 35

when does specific attachment happen

Answer 35

7-9 months

Question 36

what happens in spesific attachment

Answer 36

* stranger anxiety * separation anxiety to one person * primary attachments to one person * familiar adults secure base

Question 37

what is the forth stage of attachment

Answer 37

multiple attachments

Question 38

when do multiple attachments begin to form

Answer 38

10+ months

Question 39

what happens in multiple attachment

Answer 39

* secondary attachments begin to form

Question 40

what year was lorenzo

Answer 40

1953

Question 41

what did lorenzo look at

Answer 41

gooses attatchment

Question 42

what was lorenzos procedure

Answer 42

* hatched eggs under mother goose, or in incubator where he was first to be seen * pretended to be mother duck * imprinting occurred

Question 43

how did lorenzo test imprinting

Answer 43

*put all goslings in upturned box and when removed they separated back into groups

Question 44

what year was harlow

Answer 44

1959

Question 45

what did harlow look at

Answer 45

monkeys attatchment

Question 46

what was harlows procedure

Answer 46

* 2 wire mothers 1 with milk 1 wrapped in cloth spent time with one then observed how reacted when scared

Question 47

what did harlow find

Answer 47

cloth covered monkey favoured comfort over food

Question 48

what does lorenzos study show

Answer 48

imprinting happens on the first moving object seen and that fed them