Approaches-behaviourist Approach N Pavlovs Classical Conditioning Flashcards
Approaches
Behaviorist approach
Is
Focuses on how we are product of own experiences (learning) incorporates behaviourism n social learning theory
All human behaviour is learnt -born blank slates
Approaches
Behaviorist approach
Assumptions
No genetic influence on behaviour ,blank slate,learned from experince
,only observable behaviour is measurable scientifically ,thought processes difficult to test
,done with lab exps to maintain Objectivity
,processes governing learning are same in all species so valid/just to study animals
Approaches
Behaviorist approach
classical conditioning
Association made between previously neutral stimuli and reflex response (bell and salivation)
Reflex can be positive or negative
One most memorable way of conditioning is when they aquire phobia
Approaches
Behaviorist approach
Pavlova study method
Found dogs automatically salivate when presented with food
-no learning required -reflex response
Automatic
Food is UCS salivation is UCR
Pavlova found conditioned dog to salvation to bell(taught dog)
Not instinctive
He repeatedly showed food to dogs n simultaneously rung a bell ,eventually began to salivate even without food -just bell two became associated
NS (bell) became CS (cause of salivation which was previously instinctiv n now conditioned )
Approaches
Behaviorist approach
Watson and Rayner human classical conditioning
Conditioned a baby Albert to become phobic of rats
Done by presenting US (loud noise) simultaneously as rat
NS after doing several times Albert started to cry when rat was shown even tho not previously afraid of rays
(Like the loud noise made baby scarred then the rat made baby scared just the same with the dog salivating with doo then with bell)
Approaches
Behaviorist approach
Pavlovs evaluation experimental design strength
Controlled conditions (dogs harnessed in lab) to see relationship of IV (changing US n NS ) able to accurately measure effect on amount of salivation DV
Established cause n effect
Approaches
Behaviorist approach
Pavlov evaluation non human exps limmitation
Critics say don’t reveal great deal bout human behaviour ,claim that animals differ -don’t have free will ( humans have level of choice in how they respond to conditioning ) so behaviour not purely determined by association but internal factors aswell
Unable to extrapolate
Approaches
Behaviorist approach
Unethical
Before study pavlov carried out surgery on saliva glands of dogs so ez to measure salivation produced ,dogs strapped in harnesses so they didn’t move for long hrs at a time
Altho BpS guidelines not applied to animals ,some psychs say animals have rights -should never be used in such exps especially when findings no representative of humans
.some argue they r tho -provided insight watson n rayner found similar response in diff stud on classical conditioning (maybe suggesting study on animals wasnt nessasay?) in role of classical conditioning n such research on humans would go against BPS
