Approaches In Psychology - Learning Approach (SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY)

Question 1

Assumptions of SLT

Answer 1

1. Behaviour learned from environment , genetics DONT influence behaviour
2. Behaviour is learned from observing others and the reinforcement or punishment they recieve

Question 2

What is identification

Answer 2

Influenced by another because you have similar characteristics the more u identify with someone more likely to imitate

Question 3

What is Imitation

Answer 3

Observing role model and copying them

Question 4

What is modelling

Answer 4

Observing behaviour of role model and basing your behaviour on that

Question 5

What is Vicarious Reinforcement

Answer 5

Seeing role model get rewarded for a behaviour and so imitate behaviour so they get same reward

Question 6

what are the role of mediating processes (ARRM)

Answer 6

ATTENTION
RETENTION
REPRODUCTION
MOTIVATION

Question 7

What does meditational processes mean

Answer 7

That there is some thought prior to imitation that intervenes between stimulus and response

Question 8

What is attention

Answer 8

Noticing behaviour

Question 9

What is retention

Answer 9

Memory of behaviour forms so it can be imitated later NEEDS TO BE A MEMORY TO REFER TO

Question 10

What is motor reproduction

Answer 10

The ability to reproduce the behaviour sometimes me not be able to as limited by physical ability

Question 11

What is motivation

Answer 11

Desire to perform the behaviour (rewards / punishments)

Question 12

Outline banduras research

Answer 12

Aim- whether gender of model influences child’s motivation to imitate

Method- 36 makes 36 females just over 4 years old
Half of group observed an aggressive role model (male or female)
Half of group observed non-aggressive role model (male or female)

Groups subdivided by gender and whether role model was same or opposite sex to participant

Aggressive model would hit the bobo doll with hammer shout at it etc and child watches for 10 mins
Non-aggressive would play with doll and be nice to it

Then children (ppts)
Observed with the bobo doll for 20 mins

Question 13

Outline the results and conclusion of BANDURAS research

Answer 13

RESULTS = Children who observed aggressive behaviour were aggressive towards the doll BOYS acted more aggressively THAN GIRLS
GREATER LEVEL OF IMITATION OF SAME SEX ROLE MODELS

Conclusion - children learn aggression behaviour by observing behaviours of others and it’s more likely to Happen when observing behaviour of same gender

Question 14

Give a strength of banduras research

Answer 14

Experimental method so can establish cause and effect between Iv and dv

Question 15

Give 3 limitations of banduras research

Answer 15

1. Low ecological validity- controlled environment of toys no interaction between model and children cant generalise findings to a real life scenario
2. Use of children - can’t establish if ppts imitated behaviour cause of model or cause it was a lab and so they felt they had to
3. Unethical - manipulated to act in aggressive manner could cause psychological harm

Question 16

Give 3 strengths of SLT

Answer 16

1. Supported by evidence BANDURA
   Talk about bandura and then evaluate bandura and link back to question
2. Cognitions in behaviour- mediating processes (ARRM) emphasised so implies that more than one factor causes behaviour
3. Cultural differences in behaviour-
   As we are exposed to different models

Question 17

Give one limitation of SLT

Answer 17

NURTURE SIDE OF NATURE VS NURTURE
ignores biological factors like genes hormones even tho in his research he found boys to be more aggressive than girls