Approaches to Infection Control

Question 1

Tiny animals or plants that can cause a disease.

Answer 1

Microorganisms

Question 2

They usually proliferate in dark, warm and moist environments.

Answer 2

Microorganisms

Question 3

5 Elements of Infection Cycle

Answer 3

1. Reservoir
2. Exit
3. Transmission
4. Infection
5. Susception

Question 4

A place where they can grow and reproduce.

Answer 4

Reservoir

Question 5

Person with infection.

Answer 5

Host

Question 6

Portals or points where they can leave the host. (draining wound)

Answer 6

Exit

Question 7

Models on how they can be spread. (droplet – exudate from wound)

Answer 7

Transmission

Question 8

Portals where they can enter a host and cause a disease. (open wound)

Answer 8

Infection

Question 9

It refers to hosts that cannot repel or destroy microorganisms that have entered in their system. (infection develops new host)

Answer 9

Susception

Question 10

ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES

Answer 10

1. Medical Asepsis
2. Surgical Asepsis

Question 11

Practices that help reduce the number and spread of microorganisms.

Answer 11

Medical Asepsis

Question 12

What type of technique is this?
 Isolation of object or person
 Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Answer 12

Medical Asepsis

Question 13

Practices that render and keep objects and areas free of all microorganisms.

Answer 13

Surgical Asepsis

Question 14

What type of technique is this?
 Sterilization or Disinfection of instruments (autoclave/steam under pressure, ethylene oxide gas)

Answer 14

Surgical Asepsis

Question 15

Designed to protect health care workers and patients regardless of their diagnosis or infection status. (Best means to control infection)

Answer 15

Standard Precautions

Question 16

Designed to protect the caregiver from specialized patients with highly transmissible pathogens.

Answer 16

Transmission-Based Precautions

Question 17

It synthesized the significant components associated with universal precautions and apply to all bodily fluids, secretions, and excretions of any patient.

Answer 17

Standard Precaution

Question 18

Barriers: For touching blood, secretions, excretions except sweat

Answer 18

Gloves

Question 19

Barriers: During patient care activities and procedures when contact of body fluids is anticipated.

Answer 19

Protective Clothing

Question 20

Barriers: During procedures likely to generate splashes of body fluids.

Answer 20

Mask, goggles or face shield

Question 21

Barriers: To prevent contact with oral secretions.

Answer 21

Mouthpiece/resuscitation bag & other ventilation device

Question 22

1. Immediately after glove removal, or after touching body fluids
2. Avoid outer surface of gloves when they are removed

Answer 22

Hand Hygiene

Question 23

Do not bend, break, recap nor hand-manipulate used needles

Answer 23

Sharp Materials

Question 24

1. Use safety features when available and use on-handed scoop technique only
2. Do not uncap or expose needles until they are needed
3. Use caution when handling them to avoid wounding yourself

Answer 24

Needle/Scalpel

Question 25

Handle in a manner that prevents the transfer of microorganisms to others and to the environment.

Answer 25

Soiled Equipment

Question 26

Contain the source of respiratory secretions from the initial point of encounter

Answer 26

Respiratory Hygiene

Question 27

1. Used to prevent transmission of infectious agents that are spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient or environment 2. Used in addition with standard precaution when a patient is in isolation 3. Room: private or cohort, preferably > 3 feet between beds 4. Patient care items should remain in the room

Answer 27

Contact

Question 28

1. Used to prevent transmission of pathogens spread through mucous membranes 2. Mask: required when working in close contact with patient 3. Room: private 4. Transport: place a surgical mask on the patient if possible

Answer 28

Droplet

Question 29

1. Used to prevent transmission of infectious agents that remain infectious over long distances when suspended in the air 2. Mask: an N-95 respirator or higher level must be worn 3. Room: private, airborne infection isolation room; doors must remain closed 4. Transport: place a surgical mask on the patient if possible

Answer 29

Airborne

Question 30

These are transferred directly from one infected person to another or indirectly when the transfer of an infectious agent is through an object, medical equipment, furniture surface, or person.

Answer 30

Contact Precaution

Question 31

1. Microorganisms are transferred by small infectious particles (infective over time and distance) in the respirable size range. 2. Airborne transmission can occur with measles, varicella (chicken pox), and mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Answer 31

Airborne Precaution

Question 32

1. Microorganisms are transferred by direct or indirect contact. Still, in contrast, to contact transmission, respiratory droplets carrying infectious pathogens transmit infection when they trace a short distance directly from the respiratory tract of the infected individual to the mouth, conjunctivae, or nasal mucosa of the recipient. 2. Some diseases or conditions spread through droplet transmission are strep throat, meningitis, pneumonia, influenza, the common cold (pertussis), whooping cough, smallpox, and mumps.

Answer 32

Droplet Precaution

Question 33

Most important Most effective Reduces the spread of infection significantly It is advised to make it a habit

Answer 33

Hand Hygiene

Question 34

PRIMARY METHODS OF HAND HYGIENE

Answer 34

Hand Rubbing Hand Washing

Question 35

 Using an alcohol-based waterless antiseptic technique  Alcohol 60 – 95% and skin conditioner 1 – 3%  Most effective decontamination technique when hand washing is not required

Answer 35

Hand Rubbing

Question 36

 Bar soaps are not used in the hospital  Using knee- or foot-operated controls or automatic dispensers

Answer 36

Hand Washing

Question 37

A form of surgical asepsis designed to keep an area free from pathogens Designed to maintain the sterility of objects contained within the field This may affect the healing process and possibly the patient's life

Answer 37

THE STERILE FIELD

Question 38

(4) Rules of Asepsis: The Sterile Field

Answer 38

1) Know which items are sterile. 2) Know which items are not sterile. 3) Separate sterile items from non-sterile items. 4) If a sterile item becomes contaminated, remedy the situation immediately.

Question 39

Donning PPE (Putting On)

Answer 39

1. Perform Hand Hygiene 2. Put on shoe covers (if applicable) 3. Put on gown 4. Put on mask/respirator (if applicable) 5. Put on eye protection 6. Put on Gloves

Question 40

Doffing PPE (Taking Off)

Answer 40

1. Remove Shoe Covers 2. Remove the Gown and Gloves Together 3. Perform Hand Hygiene 4. Remove Eye Protection 5. Remove the Mask/Respirator 6. Perform Hand Hygiene

Question 41

It is used to reduce the possibility of glove contamination when the gloves are being applied. The exterior surface of the gloves is protected from contact with sources of contamination when this technique is performed properly

Answer 41

Closed-Glove Technique for Asepsis

Question 42

1. It can be used in the same situation as closed glove method 2. Has greater potential for glove contamination than the closed-glove technique unless you use extreme caution when you apply the gloves.

Answer 42

Open-Glove Technique for Asepsis