April 10

Question 0

Cerebellum

Answer 0

Controls muscle tone and balance

Question 1

Hindbrain

Answer 1

Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Reticular activating system (RAS)
Pons 
Thalamus
Oldest part of the brain to develop in evolutionary terms

Question 2

Medulla oblongata

Answer 2

Controls involuntary actions, such as breathing, digestion, heart rate, and swallowing (basic life functions)

Question 3

Reticular activating system (RAS)

Answer 3

Controls arousal (wakefulness and alertness) aka reticular formation

Question 4

Pons

Answer 4

Latin for “bridge”, passes neural information from one brain region to another
Also implicated in REM sleep

Question 5

Thalamus

Answer 5

Relays sensory information, receives and directs sensory information from visual and auditory systems

Question 6

Midbrain

Answer 6

Major components: tectum and tegmentum

Question 7

Tectum vs tegmentum

Answer 7

Tectum: brains roof
Tegmentum: brains floor
Govern visual and auditory reflexes such as orienting to a sight or sound

Question 8

Forebrain

Answer 8

Limbic system, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus

Question 9

Hippocampus

Answer 9

Involved in processing and integrating memories
Damage here does not eliminate existing memories bc memories are stored in the neocortex, but rather it prevents the formation of new memories

Question 10

Condition of damage to hippocampus: anterograde amnesia

Answer 10

Damage here does not eliminate existing memories bc memories are stored in the neocortex, but rather it prevents the formation of new memories

Question 11

Amygdala

Answer 11

Implicated in the expression of anger and frustration

Question 12

Cerebral cortex

Answer 12

Wrinkled outer layer of the brain

Involved in higher cognitive functions such as thinking, planning, language use, and fine motor controls

Question 13

Sensory cortex

Answer 13

Receives sensory input

Question 14

Motor cortex

Answer 14

Sends out motor information

Question 15

Left cerebral hemisphere

Answer 15

Specialized for language processing

First noticed by Paul Broca

Question 16

Paul Broca

Answer 16

Observed that the brain damage to the left hemisphere in stroke patients resulted in expressive aphasia or loss of ability to speak (aka aphasia)
Left hemisphere known as Broca’s area

Question 17

Carl Wernicke

Answer 17

Discovered an area in the left temporal lobe that, when damage in stroke patients, resulted in receptive aphasia
Wemicke’s area

Question 18

Receptive amnesia

Answer 18

Inability to comprehend speech

Question 19

Right hemisphere

Answer 19

Processes certain kinds of visual and spatial information

Question 20

Roger Sperry

Answer 20

Demonstrated that the two hemispheres of the braincan operate independently of each other
Performed split brain patients, who had their corpus callosums severed to control their epileptic seizure

Question 21

Contralateral processing

Answer 21

Can describe objects without deficit if presented in the right visual field (processed on the left, more verbal side of the brain) but have great difficulty in drawing the image; whereas if the image is presented in the left visual field (and processed in the more visual right side of the brain) the person can draw or choose the object but cannot explain it verbally

Question 22

Four lobes

Answer 22

Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, Temporal lobe, occipital lobe

Question 23

Frontal lobe

Answer 23

Responsible for higher-level thought and reasoning

Including working memory, paying attention, solving problems, making plans, forming judgments, and performing movements

Question 24

Parietal lobe

Answer 24

Handles somatosensory information and is the home of the primary somatosensory cortex Received information about temperature, pressure, texture, and pain

Question 25

Temporal lobe

Answer 25

Handles auditory input and is critical processing speech and appreciating music

Question 26

Occipital lobe

Answer 26

Processes is visual input | Crosses the optic chiasma

Question 27

Association areas

Answer 27

Much of the cerebral cortex is composed of this | Responsible for associating information in the sensory and motor cortices

Question 28

Damage to association areas

Answer 28

Can lead to a variety of dysfunction, including apraxia, agnosia, and alexia

Question 29

Apraxia

Answer 29

The inability to organize movement

Question 30

Agnosia

Answer 30

A difficulty processing sensory input

Question 31

Alexia

Answer 31

The inability to read

Question 32

Hypothalamus

Answer 32

Controls the temperature and water balance of the body, controls hunger and sex drive, orchestrates the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system

Question 33

Lateral hypothalamus

Answer 33

The on switch for eating | Lesion to this would cause obesity and death from overheating

Question 34

Vetromedial hypothalamus

Answer 34

Off switch for eating | Lesion to this would lead to decreased hunger drive