Aqeeda 2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the four areas of theological texts?
1️⃣ Introduction
2️⃣ Divinity
3️⃣ Prophetic Matters
4️⃣ Ghaybiyyat (Unseen Matters)
What is the role of metaphysics in theology?
Foundational for proving God’s existence.
What is the first pillar of faith?
Certainty in God.
What are Allah’s attributes?
Knowledge, Will, Power (He acts continuously).
What is God’s existence considered?
A Speculative Truth – Requires thought.
What is Fitra?
Innate Disposition – Some believe God’s existence is self-evident.
What is the Sunni view on God’s existence?
Majority believe rational thought is needed.
What does the Quranic approach encourage?
Reflection on the world as proof of God.
Why is God’s existence rationally necessary?
The universe must have a cause that is radically different from itself.
What do cycles of thought lead to?
The conclusion that God exists.
What is the infinite regress issue?
If everything needs a cause, we would have no true beginning.
What does Surah Al-Ikhlas affirm?
God’s Oneness & Uniqueness – No beginning, no end.
What are the three types of judgments?
1️⃣ Customary (Aady)
2️⃣ Legal (Shar’y)
3️⃣ Rational (Aqly)
What is an example of customary judgment?
Based on experience (e.g., fire burns, vegetables are healthy).
What is an example of legal judgment?
Based on sacred texts (e.g., belief in angels is obligatory).
What is an example of rational judgment?
Based on reason (e.g., ten is an even number).
What are the sources of judgment?
🔹 Empirical (Touch, Sight, Experience)
🔹 Sacred Texts (Sharia)
🔹 Reason (Aqly)
What does the principle of non-contradiction state?
Reason operates on non-contradiction – Something cannot be ‘A’ and ‘Not A’ simultaneously.
What is a self-evident truth?
Immediately known to be true (e.g., ‘The world is characterized by change’).
What is a contemplative truth?
Requires thought (e.g., ‘The existence of God’).
What are the three types of rational judgments?
1️⃣ Possible
2️⃣ Necessary
3️⃣ Impossible
Did God have to create everything?
No, Creation is from His Generosity (Fadl).
What is rational impossibility?
Something is rationally impossible if it violates causality.
What is an example of rational possibility in theology?
✅ Isra & Mi’raj (Prophet’s Night Journey) – Rationally possible, but not necessary.
