Aqeeda 4 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the methodological approach to understanding Allah’s attributes?
Understanding Allah’s name and attributes systematically.
What are the four types of attributes of Allah?
1️⃣ Existence (Personal Attribute) – Allah exists.
2️⃣ Negating Attributes – Affirm Allah’s necessary existence by negating attributes like multiplicity (which is false).
3️⃣ Positive Attributes – Essential qualities of Allah.
4️⃣ Action-Based Attributes – How Allah interacts with creation.
What is the nature of God in relation to human comprehension?
God is both immanent and transcendent – Close yet beyond human comprehension.
What are some of God’s positive attributes?
Knowledge, sight, hearing, will, power, life, and speech.
What is the significance of the prophets in understanding Allah?
Prophets were sent to teach and guide humanity in understanding Allah.
What is the attribute of Knowledge (ʿIlm) in relation to Allah?
Allah’s complete and eternal awareness of all things.
What does the attribute of Sight (Basar) signify?
Allah sees all, debated as an extension of knowledge.
What does the attribute of Hearing (Samʿ) signify?
Allah hears all, also debated similarly to sight.
What is the attribute of Will (Irādah)?
Allah specifies things according to His knowledge.
What does the attribute of Power (Qudrah) entail?
Allah creates whatever He wills.
What is the significance of the attribute of Life (Ḥayāt)?
The eternal attribute validating knowledge, will, and power.
What does the attribute of Speech (Kalām) signify?
An eternal attribute that signifies all things without sound or letters.
What are negating attributes in relation to Allah?
Always in relation to others.
What are positive attributes in relation to Allah?
Independent of relations to others.
What does Allah’s knowledge encompass?
Necessary, possible, and impossible things; existent and non-existent entities.
Proof: The order and precision in the universe.
What are the limitations of Allah’s power?
Allah’s power does not extend to impossible things (e.g., a second divine being, as it would negate His essence). It extends only to necessary and possible things.
How does Allah’s will operate?
Allah specifies possible things according to His knowledge. He chooses to create through means, but He can create instantly. Nothing happens outside His will and permission.
His will does not extend to necessary or impossible things.
What is the significance of Allah’s eternal life?
Validates His knowledge, will, and power.
What is the approach of the Ashʿari school of theology?
Metaphorical interpretation of Allah’s attributes.
What is the approach of the Maturidi school of theology?
Similar to Ashʿari but emphasizes reason.
What is the approach of the Athari school of theology?
Takes Quranic descriptions literally, refusing interpretation.
How do Ashʿari and Maturidi schools interpret ‘Hand’ and ‘Face’ in the Quran?
‘Hand’ has 12 meanings in Arabic, metaphorical.
Athari refuse interpretation but affirm it as part of God’s attributes without explaining how.
What is the significance of Allah’s creation of the cosmos?
Allah created the cosmos out of His goodness. Through creation, we perceive His presence indirectly.
