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arrt review: studies Flashcards

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1
Q

gallbladder location: hypersthenic patient

A

T10-T11

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2
Q

gallbladder location: sthenic patient

A

T12-L1

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3
Q

gallbladder location: hyposthenic/asthenic patient

A

L3-L4

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4
Q

common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct (____________) and empty into the duodenum via the ___________________

A

Duct of Wirsung, hepatopancreatic ampulla (aka ampulla of Vater)

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5
Q

how does an ERCP work? what does it evaluate?

A

scope enters esophagus –> duodenum, places a wire through the papilla

evaluates common bile, cystic, and pancreatic duct

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6
Q

what is the medical term for gallstones?

A

cholelithiasis

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7
Q

patient positioned in a ___________ for an ERCP

A

RAO or lateral

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8
Q

patient positioned in a ___________ for a surgical cholangiogram

A

Fowler’s

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9
Q

what does a surgical cholangiogram evaluate? how?

A

injection of contrast dye into common bile duct during surgical procedure

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10
Q

medical term for gallbladder removal

A

cholecystectomy

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11
Q

what is a PTC? what does it evaluate?

A

direct puncture of biliary ducts performed on jaundiced patients using water soluble contrast

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12
Q

what does PTC stand for?

A

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

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13
Q

what does ERCP stand for?

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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14
Q

________ are usually made after a PTC exam

A

spot AP images

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15
Q

T-tubes are placed in the ____________________ for postoperative drainage

A

common hepatic/common bile

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16
Q

How does the scope access the biliary tree in an ERCP?

A

via the esophagus, through the duodenum

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17
Q

what type of scope is used in an ERCP?

A

duodenoscope

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18
Q

what type of contrast is used in an ERCP?

A

iodinated, water soluble contrast

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19
Q

Most commonly demonstrated in myelograms is a _________________

A

herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)

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20
Q

what type of contrast is used in myelograms?

A

Nonionic, water soluble, iodine-based media

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21
Q

lumbar myelogram injection site

A

L3-L4

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22
Q

cervical myelogram injection alternative name and injection site

A

Cisternal puncture, C1-C2

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23
Q

type of injection in myelogram

A

intrathecal into the subarachnoid space

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24
Q

the subarachnoid space is between the _____________________ space contains CSF

A

arachnoid space and the pia mater-meningeal

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25
Between which days should the HSG be performed?
Performed between 7 and 10 days after the onset of menstruation
26
What type of contrast is used for an HSG?
water soluble iodinated contrast
27
what is the 10 day rule in regards to HSG?
10 day rule = abdominal and pelvic x-rays only during the 10 days following the onset of menstruation
28
Patient position for an HSG
Lithotomy position
29
major calyces unite to form __________
renal pelvis
30
renal pelvis lies within the ____
hilum
31
renal pelvis is continuous with ________, which then empty into the bladder, and then out of the body via the _________
ureter, urethra
32
kidney location
halfway between xiphoid and iliac crest, approx. T11-12 and L3
33
which kidney sits lower?
right (due to the liver)
34
retrograde = ______ normal flow antegrade = _______ normal flow
retro = against, ante = with
35
How is the contrast introduced in a IVU?
via an IV
36
Is an IVU a functional or structural study?
Functional test, functional ability of kidneys
37
is IVU antegrade or retrograde?
antegrade
38
What type of contrast is used in an IVU?
water soluble contrast
39
IVU oblique degree of rotation
30 degrees
40
the kidney parallel in LPO/RPO IVU obliques will be the (upside/downside) kidney
upside
41
example: in an RPO kidney, the (left/right) kidney will be parallel/demonstrated and the (left/right) ureter will be demonstrated
RPO -left kidney -right ureter
42
what is hydronephrosis?
dilation of the drainage system of the kidney
43
positional change in kidney where the kidney drops further in the pelvis when patient goes from supine to standing
nephroptosis
44
how is contrast introduced in a cystogram?
into the bladder by way of catheter via gravity
45
is a cystogram a structural or functional study?
structural
46
is a cystogram a retrograde or antegrade study?
retrograde
47
why is a posterior oblique view used in a cystogram?
view posterior bladder/UV junction
48
cystogram AP positioning, CR angle and centering
supine, CR perpendicular, CR 2" superior to pubic symphysis
49
cystogram AP axial positioning, CR angle and centering
supine, CR 10-15 caudad, CR 2" superior to pubic symphysis
50
cystogram LPO/RPO positioning, CR angle and centering
45-60 degree oblique (do not flex legs), CR perpendicular, 2" superior to PS
51
cystogram lateral recumbent CR angle and centering
CR perpendicular, 2" posterior and superior to PS
52
VCUG male positioning
30 deg. RPO
53
VCUG female positioning
AP
54
is a VCUG a structural or functional study?
functional
55
is a retrograde urography a structural or functional study?
structural
56
is a VCUG an antegrade or retrograde study?
retrograde
57
what does a VCUG evaluate?
evaluating flow of urine
58
what does a retrograde urethrogram evaluate?
male urethra
59
layers of the esophagus from innermost to outermost
mucosa submucosa muscularis serosa (fibrous)
60
where does the CR be directed for a nephrogram?
midway between iliac crests and xiphoid process
61
What does VCUG stand for?
Voiding cystourethrogram

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