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RADT Review > arrt review: safety (radiation biology) > Flashcards

arrt review: safety (radiation biology) Flashcards

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1
Q

damaging effect from stochastic

A

cancer

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2
Q

damaging effect from deterministic

A

skin erythema, decreased sperm count, epilation, etc.

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3
Q

stochastic events are (predictable/unpredictable)

A

unpredictable

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4
Q

with stochastic effects, ___________ increases with dose but not the ___________

A

probability, severity

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5
Q

with deterministic effects, ___________ increases as dose increases

A

severity

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6
Q

Diminished sperm count dose threshold

A

150 mGy

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7
Q

skin erythema dose threshold

A

2,000 mGy

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8
Q

epilation dose threshold

A

3,000 mGy

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9
Q

is direct action common?

A

no

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10
Q

is DNA more often damage by direct or indirect action?

A

indirect

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11
Q

initial radiation interaction with direct action

A

radiation acts on DNA directly

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12
Q

initial radiation interaction with indirect action

A

radiation acts on water to create OH- and H+ which leads to broken DNA molecules

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13
Q

what type of DNA strand break is most damaging? is it the most common?

A

double strand break, least common

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14
Q

what type of DNA strand break is the most common?

A

base pair lesion

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15
Q

DNA strand breaks from most to least common

A

Base pair lesion, single strand break, double strand break

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16
Q

When will you see short term effects of radiation?

A

few days or hours

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17
Q

What is the latency period of leukemia?

A

5-7 years

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18
Q

what are examples of short effects?

A

skin burns, hair loss, ARS

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19
Q

what are examples of late effects?

A

Only 2 types = Cancer (stochastic) and cataracts (deterministic)

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20
Q

are short term effects stochastic or deterministic?

A

deterministic only

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21
Q

are long term effects stochastic or deterministic?

A

both

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22
Q

is cancer stochastic or deterministic?

A

stochastic

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23
Q

are cataracts stochastic or deterministic?

A

deterministic

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24
Q

When will you see late term effects of radiation?

A

years

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25
Is ARS deterministic or stochastic?
deterministic
26
Is ARS an early or late effect?
early
27
what doe ARS stand for?
acute radiation syndrome
28
ARS organ system responses and threshold
hematopoietic (at least 1 Gy) gastrointestinal (at least 10 Gy) Cerebrovascular syndrome (at least 50 Gy)
29
threshold for hematopoietic ARS syndrome
at least 1 Gy
30
threshold for gastrointestinal ARS syndrome
at least 10 Gy
31
threshold for Cerebrovascular ARS syndrome
at least 50 Gy
32
does ARS occur with limited or entire body radiation dose?
dose to entire body
33
What is the timeline for death for Cerebrovascular ARS syndrome
few days or hours
34
What is the timeline for death for gastrointestinal ARS syndrome
9-10 days
35
What is the timeline for death for hematopoietic ARS syndrome
1-2 months
36
phases of ARS
prodromal latent manifest recovery/death "pretty lucky money roll"
37
LD 50/60 for humans
between 3 and 4 Gy
38
What is the law of Bergonie and Tribondeau?
Most radiosensitive cells are immature, unspecialized, and rapidly dividing (embryo/fetus are all of these)
39
embryonic and fetal effects of radiation can also be called _______________
teratogenic effects
40
3 stages of pregnancy for radiation safety considerations
1. preimplantation (1-10 days post conception) 2. organogenesis (10 days-6 weeks) fetal 3. fetal (6 weeks-birth)
41
preimplantation stage time period
1-10 days post conception
42
organogenesis stage time period
10 days to 6 weeks
43
fetal stage time period
6 weeks to birth
44
most concerning effect during preimplantation period
lethal effect (miscarriage of embryo)
45
most concerning effect during organogenesis period
malformations
46
most concerning effect during fetal period
cerebral effects
47
most effects of radiation to embryo/fetuses occur at a fetal dose of _____
100 mGy
48
what is carcinogenesis?
formation of cancer
49
Whole body yearly for technologist = ____
50 mSv
50
Lens of the eye occupational dose = _______
150 mSv
51
Skin & extremities occupational dose = ______
500 mSv
52
Fetus dose total = _____ Fetus dose monthly = ________
5 mSv, 0.5 mSv (pregnancy is 10 months)
53
Public annual dose = ______________
5 mSv or 10 % of technologist dose
54
Student radiographer dose = ______
1 mSv
55
between TLD and OSL dosimeters, which uses lithium fluoride?
TLD
56
between TLD and OSL dosimeters, which uses aluminum oxide?
OSL
57
between TLD and OSL dosimeters, which uses heat?
TLD
58
between TLD and OSL dosimeters, which uses a laser?
OSL
59
what does TLD stand for?
thermoluminescent dosimeter
60
what does OSL stand for?
optically stimulable luminescent dosimeter
61
loss of radiation occupational dose is called
fading
62
what is the crystal type in TLD dosimeters?
lithium fluoride
63
what is the crystal type in OSL dosimeters?
aluminum oxide
64
what is used to read OSL dosimeters?
laser
65
what is used to read TLD dosimeters?
heat
66
what is 1/32" in mm?
0.8mm = 1/32" 1.1.6 mm = 1/16"
67
what type of material do film badges use?
aluminum, copper
68
quality control of display monitors should be done _____
daily
69
shielding requirements apron
0.5mm Pb recommended by NCRP 0.25mm federal minimum
70
shielding requirements thyroid
0.5mm Pb recommended by NCRP 0.25mm federal minimum
71
shielding requirements lead glasses
0.35mm Pb
72
shielding requirements lead gloves
0.25mm Pb
73
shielding requirements protective curtain
0.25mm Pb
74
shielding requirements bucky slot clover
0.25 mm Pb
75
radiation types, least to most damaging
gamma, Xrays, protons, alpha particles
76
List examples for high sensitivity tissues
bone marrow breasts lung colon stomach
77
List examples for moderate sensitivity tissues
gonads liver thyroid
78
List examples for low sensitivity tissues
brain kidneys muscle
79
with Pb equivalent, if asking for fluoro = ____ Pb
0.5mm Pb
80
What is the max mA station for fluoroscopy?
5 mA
81
how is DAP calculated?
absorbed dose x FOV Gy/cm2

RADT Review (18 decks)

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