Art Section 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What art form was the MOST important in establishing the identity of the emerging U.S.?
A
Portraiture
2
Q
What is the primary purpose of art history?
A
To understand a work of art in its original contexts (Social, Cultural, Economic)
3
Q
Aesthetics is BEST defined as
A
Study of the nature and expression of beauty
4
Q
What is NOT typically included in the category of fine art?
A
“Craft” Art (Textiles, Pottery), Body Art (Tattoos), and unintentional art (ads, posters, household items)
5
Q
The meaning of artwork is NOT
A
Fixed because Artwork may be perceived differently based on perspective
6
Q
What art analysis focuses specifically on the visual elements of an artwork?
A
Formal
7
Q
An art critic using formal analysis would be MOST interested in the
A
visual qualities and usage of the “elements of art” on the work itself
8
Q
The definition of contextual analysis is:
A
Outside information important to a work of art
9
Q
An art element that is LEAST different in a reproduction of an artwork
A
Composition
10
Q
What field of study is BEST suited for cultures that rely on oral rather than written history
A
Anthropology
11
Q
What ancient Roman philosopher analyzed historical artworks in “Natural History”?
A
Pliny the Elder
12
Q
Giorgio Vasari’s “The Lives of the Artists” outlined the
A
developing roles of artists in society
13
Q
Johann Joachim Winckelmann was notable for shifting art history to focus on?
A
He shifted it from Giorgio Vasari’s empathis to Stylistic development
14
Q
Why do modern art historians focus more on ancient Egyptian art rather than ancient West African art?
A
Egypt’s climate allows ancient art to be preserved for longer than in West Africa
15
Q
The Chauvet Cave (discovered in 1994) paintings are found in modern-day?
A
Southeastern France
16
Q
What animals appear in the cave paintings at Lascaux and Altamira?
A
bears, lions, bison, horses, mammoths, also included outlines of human hands
17
Q
What function did the statue “The Venus of Willendorf” likely serve?
A
fertility figure
18
Q
What development first caused Europeans in the Middle Stone Age to move away from cave dwellings?
A
An increase in temperatures prompted a transition to rock shelters
19
Q
Stonehenge is a classic example of artistic production from the?
A
New Stone Age (Neolithic period), it was believed to be built around 2100 BCE
20
Q
The Sarsen at Stonehenge’s concentric rings is a type of?
A
Sandstone (it also featured bluestone rocks)
21
Q
Why did ancient Mesopotamia witness more invasions than ancient Egypt?
A
Mesopotamia lacked Egypt’s natural protections
22
Q
Ancient Sumerian ziggurats were both temples and
A
Economic hubs
23
Q
Hammurabi is known most today for his surviving
A
Law code (Code of Hammurabi)
24
Q
The Ishtar Gate was the gateway to the great ziggurats of the temple of Bel, what was it known for?
A
Being the greatest works of architecture in the case of animal figures superimposed on walled surface
25
What city was home to the Persian Empire's most famous royal palace?
Persepolis
26
The Egyptian artistic practice of showing influential people as larger in works is known as?
Hierarchical scale
27
What Egyptian pharaoh's tomb is most significant today?
Tutankhamun's
28
What civilization existed first?
Cycladic
29
The Minoan civilization flourished on the island of?
Crete
30
What art form was NOT prevalent in the Cycladic civilization?
Iron pendants
31
The Minoans' greatest architectural projects were the construction of several
Palaces
32
How did Archaic Greek art differ MOST from that of ancient Egyptians?
Archaic Greek art prioritized accurate depiction of human features
33
"Contrapposto" is BEST described as a technique in which a
Figure leans on one leg to create a greater sense of realism
34
The Parthenon's restoration is the most famous architectural achievement of the
Middle Classical Period
35
What region had the most influence on Greek culture during the Hellenistic Period?
Asia Minor
36
Modern art historians' primary sources for Etruscan art are?
decorated tombs
37
The ancient Romans pioneered the use of?
Concrete
38
Why did Roman sculpture depart from naturalistic depictions of human figures?
Roman sculptors created idealized depictions that were in line with broader societal values
39
What art media is most closely associated with the Byzantine period?
Mosaics
40
The dominant literary language in medieval western Europe was?
Latin
41
Hiberno-Saxon refers to an artistic and cultural overlap of the English, Irish, and the
Vikings
42
What church is an important example of Romanesque architecture?
Saint-Sernin Basilica
43
What artist is most associated with the transition between the Gothic and Renaissance periods?
Giotto di Bondone
44
Who designed the "Gates of Paradise"?
Lorenzo Ghiberti
45
What artist first popularized linear perspective?
Masaccio
46
Donatello is best known for his?
David
47
Michelangelo di Buonarotti sculpted what statues?
"Moses", "The Bound Slave", "The Dying Slave", "David"
48
Leonardo da Vinci pioneered
sfumato
49
What artist is best known for introducing nude statues to the Renaissance?
Donatello
50
Why was Michelangelo di Buonarotti initially hesitant to accept the commission to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
The pope had canceled the previous commission
51
What artist is best known for the use of chiaroscuro?
Tintoretto
52
How did "The Tempest" most revolutionize Renaissance art?
by highlighting the landscape
53
Titian Vecelli was best known for his?
portraits
54
What artist is most known for depictions of the Madonna?
Raphael Sanzio
55
How did the Reformation most affect Renaissance art?
It encouraged artists to focus on secular themes
56
What artist is best known for his association with the Counter-Reformation?
Dominikos Theotokopoulos (aka El Greco)
57
The Renaissance in Northern and Southern Europe differed
Artworks in the north were smaller, classical art influenced southern artists, northern art was more detailed, northern artists used more oil paints
58
Matthias Grunewald is best know for art depicting?
Religious scenes
59
The term "caravaggesque" refers to the use of?
Chiaroscuro
60
Who engraved "The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse"?
Albrecht Durer
61
Hans Holbein the Younger was a court painter in?
England
62
True statement in comparing Baroque and the Renaissance
Baroque art was more dynamic than Renaissance art
63
Who painted the "Isenheim Altarpiece"?
Matthias Grunewald
64
Why did several patrons reject Caravaggio's works?
The paintings depicted religious figures and other individuals in threadbare garments
65
Artemisia Gentileschi is best known for?
Her religious art
66
Who created "Ecstasy of Saint Teresa"?
Gianlorenzo Bernini
67
What Baroque artist came from Northern Europe?
Peter Paul Rubens
68
What monarch approved the creation of the "Salon"?
King Louis XIV
69
Diego Velazquez painted for
King Philip IV
70
Diego Velazquez most influenced?
Impressionism
71
The Baroque style mainly focused on portraying?
emotions
72
Who developed the fete galante genre of painting?
Jean-Antoine Watteau
73
Who most influenced the works of Honore Fragonard?
Francois Boucher
74
What historical event most coincided with the development of Neoclassicism?
French Revolution of 1789
75
What branch of philosophy most influenced Neoclassicism?
Enlightenment
76
How did Jacques Louis David's paintings for Napoleon Bonaparte differ from his earlier works?
He previously championed republican virtues, but his paintings for Napoleon Bonaparte were akin to propaganda
77
Jean Dominque Ingres's rival worked in the style of
Romanticism (his rival was Eugene Delacroix)
78
The Baroque style and the Romantic style shared an emphasis on?
emotion
79
Realism can be considered a reaction to?
Neoclassicism and Romanticism
80
What Realist artwork caused outrage at the Salon?
"The Stonebreakers" by Gustave Courbet's
81
Impressionism arose out of disillusionment with?
Academic painting
82
Who is considered the first Impressionist?
Edouard Manet
83
Why was "Luncheon on the Grass" scandalous?
It featured a nude woman surrounded by clothed men
84
Who painted the artwork that is the namesake of the Impressionist movement?
Claude Monet painted "Impression, Sunrise" in 1872
85
Impressionist artists applied new scientific knowledge related to?
Shadows
86
How did Paul Cezanne modify Impressionist painting practices?
He stuctured his compositions in terms of form
87
What element most unifies Post-Impressionism?
Color
88
Who painted "Night Cafe"?
Vincent van Gogh
89
Before his art career, Paul Gauguin was a
stockbroker
90
How did the invention of the camera affect the art world?
Artists eventually moved away from realism
91
The Pre-Raphaelites primarily responded to the?
Industrial Revolution
92
What art movement is Henri Matisse most associated with?
Fauvism
93
What artist contributed to the De Stijl movement?
Piet Mondrian
94
What is the De Stijl movement?
Abstract art with geometric elements, primary colors, and values
95
How did the Armory Show affect American art?
It acquinted Americans with modern art movements
96
What art work belongs in the Dadaist movement?
Duchamp's "Fountain" (ridiculing societal norms)
97
What artist is most associated with Surrealism?
Rene Magritte
98
What type of works is Marcel Duchamp best known for?
ready-mades
99
What artist served on the faculty of the Bauhaus?
Josef Albers
100
Cubism was most associated with theories of ?
Psychology
101
The Pre-Raphaelites most strongly influenced?
Art Nouveau
102
Where did the center for international art shift after World War II?
New York
103
Art that addressed WWI was often?
Propagandistic
104
Whose dictum did Abstract Expressionist artists follow?
Kandinsky's
105
What artist was known for creating "combines"/
Robert Rouschenberg
106
What statement best explains why 1950s New York art critics were powerful?
Critics chose which view of art itself to promote
107
What artist painted using stencils?
Robert Indiana
108
What art movement depicted subject matter in sharp focus?
Photorealism
109
Hard-edge painting developed with the invention of?
airbrushes
110
What change is most associated with the artworld of the 1970s?
Creation of large-scale and temporary artworks
111
What type of art was Christo known for?
Earthworks
112
To execute large projects in collaboration with her partner, Jeanne-Claude was responsible for?
logistics
113
Performance Art, by nature, is?
transitory
114
How do the Guerrilla Girls conceal their identity?
Wearing masks in public
115
What building contains a specific retaliation against Bauhaus architecture?
At&T building
116
Postmoderist art is best described as
Varied in form and style
117
What dynasty is considered China's golden age?
Tang Dynasty
118
What emperor had sculptures of his entire army buried with him?
Emperor of Qin
119
What ancient civilization influenced images of Buddha in India?
Greece
120
What country has the greatest linguistic diversity?
India
121
What religion influenced the art of ancient China, India, and Japan?
Buddhism
122
What civilization most influenced the Yoruba cultural group?
Nok
123
In what country would you most likely find a Benin artifact?
United States
124
What art form most often preserved Polynesian body arts before the invention of photography?
Engravings
125
One of the Asmat tribe's cultural symbols is a ______ decorated red, black, and white?
Shields
126
Located in Jerusalem, one of the oldest and most famous examples of Islamic architecture is the?
Dome of the Rock
127
A false fact about Islamic art and architecture?
Most Islamic art is figurative
128
What structure is a North American pyramid?
Pyramid of the Sun, located in Mexico
129
Most artifacts from the Americas are from at the most the last
2,000 years
130
Curving lines create feelings of
activity
131
Why did Medieval churches usually have high arched ceilings?
To direct the eye upward
132
The use of shading, foreshortening, and perspective call all create the illusion of?
Form
133
Sculptures that project strongly from a surface are said to be in
High relief
134
Use of aerial perspective affect the color of objects that are far away by?
Making them appear more neutral in color
135
What era's paintings frequently feature black and white checkerboard floors?
Renaissance
136
Who developed the concepts that underly the color wheel?
Isaac Newton
137
What term is synonymous with the lightness or darkness of a color?
Value
138
Optical color considers
effects of special lighting on a color
139
In painting, the term rhythm is most associated with?
pattern
140
Smallest unit of pattern is
motif
141
Most formal styles of architecture employ
exact symmetry
142
When were the standards for the relative sizes of parts of the human face & body developed?
Classical period
143
By standard rules of proportion, how tall is the ideal human figure?
Seven and one-half heads
144
An artist desiring a thin, light line will use?
a hard pencil
145
Ink can be diluted to create a
Wash (lighter in value due to translucent quality)
146
What media is more durable than pastels but has similar blending properties?
Colored pencil
147
Etching and engraving are similar in that both processes
Cause the printed area to rise above the paper's surface
148
What process is an example of relief printmaking?
Stamping
149
What materials can be used in lithography?
wax, stone, zince, aluminum
150
Why might lithography be more popular than other methods of engravinge?
It requires no professional training
151
What materials allows paint to adhere to a surface?
Binder
152
To create a fresco, powdered pigment is mixed with?
Plaster
153
What substance does tempera traditionally use as a binder?
Egg
154
Oil paint applied in thick layers or lumps results in?
Impasto
155
What type of paint was developed most recently?
Acrylic
156
How did photography influence the art world?
Pushed painters to explore completely new styles
157
Chiseling away of a stone sculpture is an example of?
Carving
158
What art procedure is an example of modeling?
clay added to the surface of an object
159
In cast form, the original form is?
Encased in plaster
160
What type of art is most commonly considered to be a form of sculpture?
environmental
161
Joseph Cornell was notable for?
Filling open boxes with symbolic objects
162
In what form is clay most shaped and then stacked to create different vessels?
Coil
163
Slip refers to?
Liquid clay
164
What function is the most important use of the kiln in pottery?
removing moisture out of the clay
165
Glassblowing allowed for?
creation of glass vessels
166
Architecture is best defined as?
art of designing and constructing buildings
167
The Greek-Parthenon is an example of?
Post-and-lintel construction
168
Antoni Gaudi's architectural style can best be described as?
Organic
169
Church's role in the art world during the Medieval period can best be described as?
Significant patron of the classical arts
170
An institution or person who commissions an artist to make an artwork is the artist's
patron
171
Formal analysis of an artwork focuses on that work's
visual qualities
172
Which present day country is home to the Pyramid of the Sun?
Mexico
173
Which of the following ancient Romans wrote a key work of art history?
Pliny the Elder
174
A major branch of art history interprets art through philosophy written and later inspired by
Karl Marx
175
Which of the formal qualities of art is the most fundamental?
Line
176
An open area within a form creates a
Negative space
177
Which type of perspective BEST accounts for the presence of fog or smoke in a scene?
Aerial perspective
178
Violet-blue and yellow-green are examples
tertiary colors
179
An artist mixing pink paint on a palette will combine
A primary color (red) and a neutral (white)
180
Which of the following terms describes the illusion of texture created on a two-dimensional surface?
Visual texture
181
The individual elements that make up a pattern are called
Motifs
182
A place at which the eye lingers when viewing a composition is a
Focal point
183
Shading by making a pattern of dots in a drawing creates
Stippling
184
Due to the nature of the medium, auction houses will often use the term "multiples" to describe
Prints
185
Which of the following mathematical terms can also be used to describe a printing plate?
Matrix
186
Twentieth-century American artist Joseph Cornell worked most often in
Mixed media
187
Liquid clay used to join slabs of clay while creating a ceramic artwork is called
Slip
188
A primary goal of the Crystal Palace was to
showcase British engineering
189
The two main colors of the Chauvet Cave paintings are
red and black
190
Which Roman goddess lends her name to the Woman of Willendorf
Venus
191
Which present-day country in the British Isles is home to Stonehenge
England
192
Which of the following ancient civilizations is MOST closely associated with Ziggurats
Sumer
193
Whose legal code is the oldest that has remained intact to the present day?
Hammurabi's
194
A 1922 excavation uncovered the long-hidden tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh
Tutankhamun
195
Doric and Ionic are types of
columns
196
The earliest Roman art reflected the influence of the
Etruscans
197
Which of the following media is MOST closely associated with Byzantine art?
mosaic
198
Which of the following places is the MOST likely location for a keystone?
The top of an arch
199
Giotto di Bondone lived in the Italian city-state of
Florence
200
Which of the following artworks is ALSO by the painter of the Mona Lisa
The Last Supper
201
Which of the following Popes commissioned Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
Julius II
202
Modern landscape paintings date from when? and where?
17th century, mainly in Europe than across the world
203
What item did Marcel Duchamp display under the title "In Advance of a Broken Arm"?
A snow shovel purchased in 1915 from New York City
204
Marcel Duchamp's art is referred to as?
Readymades, objects appropriated from places like hardware stores and domestic homes.
205
