Arteries, Veins and Lymphatics of the Lower Limb

Question 1

What is the main arterial supply to the lower limb?

Answer 1

The main arterial supply to the lower limb is the femoral artery.

Question 2

What are the branches of the femoral artery?

Answer 2

The branches of the femoral artery include the superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac, superficial external pudendal, deep external pudendal, profunda femoris, descending genicular, and muscular branches.

Question 3

What artery is the continuation of the femoral artery after it passes through the adductor hiatus?

Answer 3

The femoral artery continues as the popliteal artery after passing through the adductor hiatus.

Question 4

What is the largest branch of the femoral artery?

Answer 4

The largest branch of the femoral artery is the profunda femoris artery.

Question 5

What are the branches of the profunda femoris artery?

Answer 5

The branches of the profunda femoris artery are the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries and perforating branches.

Question 6

What artery supplies the head and neck of the femur?

Answer 6

The medial circumflex femoral artery supplies the head and neck of the femur.

Question 7

What artery supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 7

The obturator artery supplies the medial compartment of the thigh.

Question 8

What is the primary blood supply to the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 8

The profunda femoris artery supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh.

Question 9

What artery supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 9

The femoral artery supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh.

Question 10

What are the major branches of the popliteal artery?

Answer 10

The major branches of the popliteal artery are the genicular arteries, anterior tibial artery, and posterior tibial artery.

Question 11

What arteries form the genicular anastomosis around the knee?

Answer 11

The genicular anastomosis includes the superior medial, superior lateral, inferior medial, inferior lateral, and middle genicular arteries.

Question 12

What arteries supply the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 12

The anterior tibial artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg.

Question 13

What is the main artery supplying the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 13

The posterior tibial artery is the main artery supplying the posterior compartment of the leg.

Question 14

What is the major blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 14

The major blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg is the fibular (peroneal) artery.

Question 15

What artery supplies the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 15

The dorsalis pedis artery supplies the dorsum of the foot.

Question 16

What artery gives rise to the medial and lateral plantar arteries?

Answer 16

The posterior tibial artery gives rise to the medial and lateral plantar arteries.

Question 17

What is the clinical significance of the dorsalis pedis artery?

Answer 17

The dorsalis pedis artery is clinically significant for assessing peripheral circulation.

Question 18

What veins are classified as the superficial veins of the lower limb?

Answer 18

The superficial veins of the lower limb include the great saphenous and small saphenous veins.

Question 19

What are the deep veins of the lower limb?

Answer 19

The deep veins of the lower limb include the femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and fibular veins.

Question 20

What is the longest vein in the body?

Answer 20

The longest vein in the body is the great saphenous vein.

Question 21

Where does the great saphenous vein originate and terminate?

Answer 21

The great saphenous vein originates from the medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot and terminates in the femoral vein.

Question 22

Where does the small saphenous vein originate and terminate?

Answer 22

The small saphenous vein originates from the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch and drains into the popliteal vein.

Question 23

What is the primary venous drainage of the deep structures of the lower limb?

Answer 23

The primary venous drainage of the deep structures of the lower limb is through the femoral vein.

Question 24

How do the superficial and deep veins of the lower limb communicate?

Answer 24

The superficial and deep veins communicate via perforating veins.

Question 25

What is the role of venous valves in the lower limb?

Answer 25

Venous valves prevent backflow of blood and aid in venous return.

Question 26

What is venous insufficiency and how does it affect the lower limb?

Answer 26

Venous insufficiency leads to varicose veins and swelling in the lower limb.

Question 27

What is deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and what are its risk factors?

Answer 27

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot in the deep veins, with risk factors including immobility, surgery, and hypercoagulability.

Question 28

What are the symptoms of deep vein thrombosis?

Answer 28

Symptoms of DVT include leg swelling, pain, warmth, and redness.

Question 29

What is the function of perforating veins in the lower limb?

Answer 29

Perforating veins allow blood to flow from superficial to deep veins.

Question 30

What is the lymphatic drainage of the lower limb?

Answer 30

The lymphatic drainage of the lower limb includes superficial and deep lymphatic vessels leading to inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes.

Question 31

Where are the superficial inguinal lymph nodes located?

Answer 31

The superficial inguinal lymph nodes are located in the femoral triangle.

Question 32

What areas do the superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain?

Answer 32

The superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain the lower limb, perineum, and lower abdominal wall.

Question 33

Where are the deep inguinal lymph nodes located?

Answer 33

The deep inguinal lymph nodes are located near the femoral vein.

Question 34

What areas do the deep inguinal lymph nodes drain?

Answer 34

The deep inguinal lymph nodes drain deep structures of the lower limb.

Question 35

What is the significance of enlarged inguinal lymph nodes?

Answer 35

Enlarged inguinal lymph nodes may indicate infection or malignancy.

Question 36

What are the popliteal lymph nodes and what do they drain?

Answer 36

The popliteal lymph nodes drain the deep structures of the leg and foot.

Question 37

How does lymph from the lower limb ultimately drain into the venous system?

Answer 37

Lymph from the lower limb ultimately drains into the thoracic duct.

Question 38

What is the relationship between the femoral artery, vein, and lymphatics within the femoral sheath?

Answer 38

The femoral sheath contains the femoral artery, femoral vein, and lymphatics.

Question 39

What lymph nodes are typically assessed in cases of infection or malignancy in the lower limb?

Answer 39

The inguinal lymph nodes are assessed for infections or malignancies.

Question 40

What is the pathway of lymph drainage from the foot to the deep lymphatic system?

Answer 40

Lymph from the foot drains through popliteal nodes before reaching the deep inguinal nodes.

Question 41

How can lymphatic obstruction in the lower limb present clinically?

Answer 41

Lymphatic obstruction presents as lymphedema.

Question 42

What is the role of the thoracic duct in lower limb lymphatic drainage?

Answer 42

The thoracic duct returns lymph to the venous system.

Question 43

What is the function of the lymphatic system in the lower limb?

Answer 43

The lymphatic system drains interstitial fluid and transports immune cells.

Question 44

How does the lymphatic system contribute to immune function in the lower limb?

Answer 44

The lymphatic system aids in immune surveillance.

Question 45

What conditions can cause lymphatic dysfunction in the lower limb?

Answer 45

Lymphatic dysfunction can be caused by infections, tumors, or trauma.

Question 46

How do lymphatic vessels in the lower limb prevent fluid accumulation?

Answer 46

Lymphatic vessels prevent fluid accumulation by draining excess fluid.

Question 47

What is lymphedema and what are its causes in the lower limb?

Answer 47

Lymphedema is swelling due to lymphatic obstruction.

Question 48

What are the primary differences between the arterial and venous systems of the lower limb?

Answer 48

The arterial system carries oxygenated blood, while veins return deoxygenated blood.

Question 49

What are the anastomotic connections between the arteries of the lower limb?

Answer 49

Anastomotic connections between arteries provide collateral circulation.

Question 50

What are the clinical implications of arterial occlusion in the lower limb?

Answer 50

Arterial occlusion can lead to ischemia and gangrene.