Vasculature and Lymphatic Drainage of the Upper Limb

Question 1

What is the main arterial supply to the upper limb?

Answer 1

The main arterial supply to the upper limb is the subclavian artery.

Question 2

From which artery does the subclavian artery arise?

Answer 2

The subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic trunk (right side) and directly from the aortic arch (left side).

Question 3

At what anatomical landmark does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

Answer 3

The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib.

Question 4

How many parts does the axillary artery have, and what are its branches?

Answer 4

The axillary artery has three parts: First part: Superior thoracic artery. Second part: Thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic arteries. Third part: Subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

Question 5

What is the major branch of the first part of the axillary artery?

Answer 5

The superior thoracic artery arises from the first part of the axillary artery.

Question 6

What are the branches of the second part of the axillary artery?

Answer 6

The second part of the axillary artery gives rise to the thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic arteries.

Question 7

What are the branches of the third part of the axillary artery?

Answer 7

The third part of the axillary artery gives rise to the subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, and posterior circumflex humeral arteries.

Question 8

At what anatomical landmark does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

Answer 8

The axillary artery becomes the brachial artery at the inferior border of the teres major muscle.

Question 9

What are the major branches of the brachial artery?

Answer 9

The major branches of the brachial artery are the profunda brachii, superior ulnar collateral, and inferior ulnar collateral arteries.

Question 10

What artery accompanies the radial nerve in the radial groove of the humerus?

Answer 10

The profunda brachii artery accompanies the radial nerve in the radial groove of the humerus.

Question 11

What is the primary arterial supply to the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 11

The anterior compartment of the forearm is primarily supplied by the ulnar artery.

Question 12

What is the primary arterial supply to the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 12

The posterior compartment of the forearm is primarily supplied by the radial and posterior interosseous arteries.

Question 13

What are the terminal branches of the brachial artery?

Answer 13

The brachial artery divides into the radial and ulnar arteries at the cubital fossa.

Question 14

Which artery is commonly used for measuring pulse at the wrist?

Answer 14

The radial artery is commonly used for measuring pulse at the wrist.

Question 15

Which artery supplies the deep palmar arch?

Answer 15

The deep palmar arch is primarily supplied by the radial artery.

Question 16

Which artery supplies the superficial palmar arch?

Answer 16

The superficial palmar arch is primarily supplied by the ulnar artery.

Question 17

What is the primary arterial supply to the thumb?

Answer 17

The primary arterial supply to the thumb is the princeps pollicis artery.

Question 18

What artery supplies the lateral side of the index finger?

Answer 18

The lateral side of the index finger is supplied by the radialis indicis artery.

Question 19

What is the primary venous drainage system of the upper limb?

Answer 19

The primary venous drainage of the upper limb consists of deep and superficial veins.

Question 20

What are the two main superficial veins of the upper limb?

Answer 20

The two main superficial veins of the upper limb are the cephalic and basilic veins.

Question 21

Which superficial vein runs along the lateral side of the upper limb?

Answer 21

The cephalic vein runs along the lateral side of the upper limb.

Question 22

Which superficial vein runs along the medial side of the upper limb?

Answer 22

The basilic vein runs along the medial side of the upper limb.

Question 23

What vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins in the cubital fossa?

Answer 23

The median cubital vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins in the cubital fossa.

Question 24

Into which vein does the cephalic vein drain?

Answer 24

The cephalic vein drains into the axillary vein.

Question 25

Into which vein does the basilic vein drain?

Answer 25

The basilic vein drains into the brachial vein.

Question 26

What are the deep veins of the upper limb?

Answer 26

The deep veins of the upper limb include the radial, ulnar, brachial, axillary, and subclavian veins.

Question 27

What is the main lymphatic drainage pattern of the upper limb?

Answer 27

The lymphatic drainage of the upper limb follows superficial and deep pathways.

Question 28

Where do the superficial lymphatic vessels accompanying the basilic vein drain?

Answer 28

Superficial lymphatic vessels accompanying the basilic vein drain into the lateral axillary lymph nodes.

Question 29

Where do the superficial lymphatic vessels accompanying the cephalic vein drain?

Answer 29

Superficial lymphatic vessels accompanying the cephalic vein drain into the apical axillary and deltopectoral lymph nodes.

Question 30

What are the main groups of axillary lymph nodes?

Answer 30

The axillary lymph nodes are divided into lateral, central, pectoral, subscapular, and apical groups.

Question 31

Which axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the upper limb?

Answer 31

The lateral axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the upper limb.

Question 32

Which axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast?

Answer 32

The pectoral axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast.

Question 33

What is the significance of the apical group of axillary lymph nodes?

Answer 33

The apical axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from all other axillary nodes.

Question 34

Where does lymph from the apical axillary lymph nodes drain?

Answer 34

Lymph from the apical axillary lymph nodes drains into the subclavian lymphatic trunk.

Question 35

What is the significance of the deltopectoral lymph nodes?

Answer 35

The deltopectoral lymph nodes drain the upper limb and shoulder region.

Question 36

What is the clinical significance of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer?

Answer 36

Axillary lymph nodes are important in breast cancer staging and metastasis.

Question 37

Which lymph nodes drain the skin of the shoulder and upper back?

Answer 37

The supraclavicular and subscapular lymph nodes drain the skin of the shoulder and upper back.

Question 38

What is the lymphatic drainage of the fingers and hand?

Answer 38

The fingers and hand drain into the superficial lymphatic vessels of the forearm.

Question 39

Where do the deep lymphatic vessels of the upper limb drain?

Answer 39

The deep lymphatic vessels of the upper limb drain into the axillary lymph nodes.

Question 40

What lymphatic structure receives lymph from both upper limbs?

Answer 40

The thoracic duct (left side) and right lymphatic duct (right side) receive lymph from the upper limbs.

Question 41

What is the main arterial anastomosis around the scapula?

Answer 41

The scapular anastomosis provides collateral circulation in case of subclavian artery occlusion.

Question 42

What arteries contribute to the scapular anastomosis?

Answer 42

The suprascapular, dorsal scapular, and circumflex scapular arteries contribute to the scapular anastomosis.

Question 43

What is the main collateral circulation in case of brachial artery occlusion?

Answer 43

The profunda brachii artery provides collateral circulation in brachial artery occlusion.

Question 44

What arteries contribute to the collateral circulation of the elbow?

Answer 44

The superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries contribute to the elbow's collateral circulation.

Question 45

What are the major venous anastomoses in the upper limb?

Answer 45

Major venous anastomoses occur at the cubital fossa and palmar venous networks.

Question 46

What is the significance of the deep palmar venous arch?

Answer 46

The deep palmar venous arch assists in venous return from the hand.

Question 47

What are the perforating veins in the upper limb, and what is their function?

Answer 47

Perforating veins connect superficial and deep veins to regulate venous return.

Question 48

How does the lymphatic drainage of the upper limb differ between the dominant and non-dominant hand?

Answer 48

The dominant hand has more extensive lymphatic drainage due to increased use.

Question 49

How can infections in the hand spread through the lymphatic system?

Answer 49

Infections in the hand can spread via lymphatics to axillary lymph nodes.

Question 50

What is the clinical significance of lymphatic drainage in metastatic cancer spread?

Answer 50

Lymphatic drainage pathways influence the spread of metastatic cancer.