Development of the Heart and Great Vessels Flashcards
(50 cards)
What is the embryological origin of the heart?
The heart develops from the splanchnic mesoderm of the lateral plate mesoderm.
At what week of gestation does the heart begin to develop?
The heart begins to develop in the third week of gestation.
What structure gives rise to the heart tube?
The heart tube arises from the cardiogenic mesoderm.
What are the main regions of the primitive heart tube?
The primitive heart tube has five regions: truncus arteriosus, bulbus cordis, primitive ventricle, primitive atrium, and sinus venosus.
What is the direction of cardiac looping, and why is it important?
The heart tube loops rightward (dextral looping) to establish proper anatomical positioning.
What congenital defect results from abnormal cardiac looping?
Abnormal cardiac looping can result in dextrocardia or situs inversus.
What are the major components of the septum primum and septum secundum?
The septum primum forms the initial partition between the atria, while the septum secundum forms a secondary partition overlapping the foramen ovale.
How does the foramen ovale form in the fetal heart?
The foramen ovale forms as a temporary opening between the atria, allowing right-to-left shunting in fetal circulation.
What structure allows oxygenated blood to bypass the lungs in fetal circulation?
The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus allow blood to bypass the fetal lungs.
What happens to the foramen ovale after birth?
After birth, the foramen ovale closes due to increased left atrial pressure, forming the fossa ovalis.
What are the key steps in atrial septation?
Atrial septation occurs through the growth of the septum primum and septum secundum, with eventual closure of the foramen ovale.
How does the muscular ventricular septum form?
The muscular ventricular septum forms by upward growth from the base of the ventricles.
What is the role of the endocardial cushions in heart development?
The endocardial cushions contribute to atrioventricular valve and septum formation.
How do the conotruncal ridges contribute to heart formation?
The conotruncal ridges spiral and fuse to form the aorticopulmonary septum.
What is the embryological origin of the aorticopulmonary septum?
The aorticopulmonary septum is derived from neural crest cells.
What are the major derivatives of the truncus arteriosus?
The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.
How does the spiral formation of the aorticopulmonary septum occur?
The aorticopulmonary septum forms in a spiral pattern, ensuring proper outflow tract separation.
What congenital heart defect results from failure of truncal septation?
Persistent truncus arteriosus results from failure of truncal septation.
What are the derivatives of the bulbus cordis?
The bulbus cordis contributes to the smooth outflow portions of the ventricles.
What congenital defects arise from neural crest cell abnormalities in heart development?
Neural crest defects can cause Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, and truncus arteriosus.
What are the five key embryonic dilations of the heart tube?
The heart tube dilations are truncus arteriosus, bulbus cordis, primitive ventricle, primitive atrium, and sinus venosus.
Which embryonic structure gives rise to the smooth part of the right atrium?
The sinus venosus forms the smooth part of the right atrium.
What structure forms the trabeculated parts of the atria?
The primitive atrium forms the trabeculated parts of the atria.
What are the main derivatives of the sinus venosus?
The sinus venosus contributes to the right atrium and coronary sinus.
