Arthrology & joint movement - Week 2

Question 1

3 main types of joints

Answer 1

Fibrous, Cartilaginous Synovial

Question 2

Fibrous joints with example

Answer 2

Linked by fibrous tissue, limited movement

Coronal suture in cranium

Question 3

Cartilaginous joints with example

Answer 3

Linked by fibrocartilage, shock absorption, some movement

Intervertebral disc

Question 4

What is a synovial joint and explain it’s function with an example of one

Answer 4

Joint capsule, synovial membrane/fluid, allows movement

Knee joint

Question 5

Types of movement at a synovial joint (3)

Answer 5

Spin, roll and glide

Question 6

Types of synovial joints (6) with examples

Answer 6

Pivot, Plane, Hinge, Saddle, Condyloid, Ball and socket

Question 7

Plane joint

Movement and how many axes

Answer 7

Uniaxial, gliding or sliding movements

Acromioclavicular joint

Question 8

Hinge joint

Movement and how many axes

Answer 8

Uniaxial, flexion and extension ONLY

Elbow joint

Question 9

Saddle joint

Movement and how many axes

Answer 9

Biaxial, flexion/extension, adduction/abduction

Carpometacarpal joint (thumb)

Question 10

Condyloid joint

Movement and how many axes

Answer 10

Biaxial, flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction.

Metacarpophalangeal joint (digits)

Question 11

Ball and socket joint

Movement and how many axes

Answer 11

Multiaxial, flexion/extension, adduction, abduction, int/ext rotation

Hip joint

Question 12

Pivot joint

Movement and how many axes

Answer 12

Uniaxial, rotation

Atlanto-axial joint (neck/head)

Question 13

All synovial joints have (3)

Answer 13

Joint cavity, Articular cartilage, Articular capsule

Question 14

What consists in the joint cavity in synovial joints

Answer 14

Synovial fluid

Question 15

What type of cartilage is in synovial joints and where does it get its nutrients

Answer 15

Hyaline cartilage which gains its nutrients from synovial fluid

Question 16

What are the two layers of an articular capsule

Answer 16

Outer fibrous layer or membrane and inner synovial layer or membrane

Question 17

Meniscus

Answer 17

Cartilaginous pad in some synovial joints (weight bearing)

Question 18

Labrum

Answer 18

Cartilaginous ring around the joint, usually ball and socket joint

Question 19

Anatomical position ROM degrees

Answer 19

0 degrees

Question 20

Degrees of freedom

Answer 20

Uniaxial (1 plane = 1 degree of freedom)
Biaxial (2 planes = 2 degrees of freedom)
Multiaxial (motion in all planes = 3 degrees of freedom)

Question 21

What is a joint?

Answer 21

A joint is an area where to structures meet. There is an articular surface which permits movement between the two structures. Depending on the shape of the joint, determines the amount of movement.

Question 22

Why is it important to learn the shape of a joint?

Answer 22

To determine how a joint can move and the limitations of that joint.

Question 23

Why is it important to learn the classification of a joint?

Answer 23

To determine the movement of that joint.

Question 24

What type of joint is the femoroacetabular joint?

Answer 24

Synovial

Question 25

What components in a synovial joint promote range of motion?

Answer 25

Synovial fluid, shape of the joint, shapes of articular surfaces

Question 26

What component in a synovial joint limits range of motion?

Answer 26

Ligaments (e.g. MCL and LCL of knee to prevent adduction and abduction), capsule, shape of the joint