Week 6 - Intro to Gluteal

Question 1

Interosseous membrane

Answer 1

Interosseous means situated between bones. There is an interosseous membrane in the pelvic region between the ilium and the sacrum called the Interosseous sacro-iliac ligament

Question 2

Does the sacro-iliac joint have a joint capsule? And what is this joints primary function?

Answer 2

The SI joint is a diarthrodial synovial joint surrounded by a fibrous capsule containing a joint space with synovial fluid between its articular surfaces. So yes.

Distributing weight from the lower limbs to the rest of the body

Question 3

What does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve supply?

Answer 3

The PFCN is a sensory nerve that terminates at the posterior surface of the thigh, popliteal fossa and proximal posterior calf

Cutaneous relates to the skin

Question 4

Super gluteal nerve supplies

Answer 4

TFL, Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

Question 5

Inferior gluteal nerve supplies

Answer 5

Gluteus Maximus

Question 6

Which segment of the spine does the superior gluteal nerve originate?

Answer 6

L4-S1

Question 7

What is the role of the hip abductors during walking?

Answer 7

Prevent drop of the contralateral hip

Question 8

What occurs when there is damage to the superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 8

Trendelenburg gait, drop of the contralateral hip during single leg stance due to lack of working abductors

Question 9

Which segment of the spine does inferior gluteal nerve come from?

Answer 9

L5-S2

Question 10

Which muscle splits the superior gluteal and inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 10

Piriformis

Question 11

What is a bursae and what is its function?

Answer 11

Collapsed sacs with serous membranes that produces thin film of lubrication fluid within sac found at friction points.

Reduce friction between two structures i.e. greater trochanter and iliotibial tract

Question 12

Name two bursa at the pelvis and where they lie

Answer 12

Trochanteric bursa - deep to glute max and inserts into fascia lata/iliotibial tract on greather trochanter of femur

Ischial bursa - lies between glute max and ischial tuberosity

Question 13

Which spinal segments are the nerves to piriformis?

Answer 13

S1, S2 ventral rami

Question 14

What movements do the deep gluteal muscles do and what is an exercise that will work these?

Answer 14

Lateral rotation at the hip and stabilises

Exercise: clamshells (lateral rotation)

Question 15

Name the deep gluteal muscles from superior to inferior (P-GO-GO-Q

Answer 15

Piriformis, Superior gemellus, Obturator internus, Inferior gemellus, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris

Question 16

What does the sciatic nerve innervate?

Answer 16

Posterior thigh

Semitendinosis, semimembranosus, biceps femoris (long head), biceps femoris (short head), adductor magnus

Question 17

What are the three variations that can occur when passing the piriformis?

Answer 17

It may pass superior, through or inferior to the Piriformis

Question 18

Which rami does the Sciatic Nerve originate from?

Answer 18

L4-S3 ventral rami

Question 19

Which rami does the Sciatic Nerve originate from?

Answer 19

L4-S3 ventral rami

Question 20

What is the course of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 20

Leaves lumbosacral plexus, enters gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen, emerges inferior to piriformis, lies deep to gluteus maximus, descends between greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity, descends passing over small lateral rotators of the hip (GS, OI, GI, OE, QF), passes down the posterior thigh with posterior femoral cutaneous nerve of thigh on the medial aspect, descends in posterior thigh deep to biceps femoris, in lower third of posterior thigh near apex of popliteal fossa, it divides into 2 branches: common fibular (lat) and tibial nerve

Question 21

Which joint does the sciatic nerve also supply?

Answer 21

Hip joint