Long bone macrostructures/microstructures - Week 1

Question 1

Periosteum

Answer 1

The lining of the bone

Question 2

What is the function of the periosteum

Answer 2

Protection of the bone

Question 3

Compact bone

Answer 3

Deep to the periosteum, more for weight bearing movements.

Question 4

Cancellous/spongy bone

Answer 4

Deep to the compact bone - looks spongy, although is still hard. This is where more active functions occur in the bone e.g. blood cell production and ion exchange

Question 5

Wollf’s law

Answer 5

Living bone is sensitive to compressive and tensile load

Cancellous bone will remodel and adapt to absorb that load

The more load bone gets the more the bone will adapt and become denser

Question 6

Osteon

Answer 6

Bone cell structure

Question 7

Circumferential lamellae

Answer 7

Layers of bone matrix that go all the way around the bone

Question 8

Interstitial lamellae

Answer 8

Between each concentric lamellae that form an osteon

Question 9

Concentric lamellae

Answer 9

Tubes of different size fitting inside each other to make an osteon

Question 10

Trabeculae of spongy bone

Answer 10

Three dimensional latticework of bony processes found in spongy bone

Question 11

Epiphysis

Answer 11

Head of the bone

Question 12

Diaphysis

Answer 12

Middle of the bone

Question 13

Epiphysial plate

Answer 13

Growth plate

Question 14

Epiphysial line

Answer 14

Where the growth used to occur at

Question 15

What colour marrow is in the medullary cavity in adults

Answer 15

More yellow than red

Question 16

What colour marrow is in the medullary cavity in new borns

Answer 16

More red than yellow

Question 17

Where does ossification occur

Answer 17

At the ossification centre in the shaft & the ends

Question 18

Who is more likely to have a greenstick fracture and why

Answer 18

Children as their bones are softer and more prone to breakage