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articulations Flashcards

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1
Q

mobility vs stability

A

more mobility means less stability

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2
Q

arthrology

A

study of joints

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3
Q

joints from most mobile to most stable

A

glenohumeral (shoulder)
hip
elbow
intervertebral
suture

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4
Q

joints are classified by

A

structure (material binding the bones) and function (range of motion)

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5
Q

functional classifications of joints

A

synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, diarthrotic

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6
Q

synarthrotic

A

immovable
ex: suture

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7
Q

amphiarthrotic

A

slightly movable
ex: intervertebral

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8
Q

diarthrotic

A

freely movable
ex: shoulder, limbs

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9
Q

ehlers-danlos syndrome

A

group of inherited disorders that affect CT, primarily skin, joints, and blood vessels
overly flexible joint, hypermobile, stretchy fragile skin

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10
Q

structural classifications of joints

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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11
Q

fibrous joints

A

joined by fibrous tissue (CT)
most are synarthrotic, some amphi

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12
Q

3 types of fibrous joints

A

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

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13
Q

synostoses

A

fibrous tissue ossifies
ex: skull bones fuse

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14
Q

syndesmoses

A

bones connected by ligament, cord, or band of fibrous tissue
amphiarthrotic
have interosseous ligament

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15
Q

interosseous ligament

A

articulating bones held side by side by a ligamentous sheet, provides pivot point for bones to rotate against each other

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16
Q

gomphoses

A

peg in socket joint
ex: tooth in bony alveolar socket

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17
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

bones united by cartilage, no joint cavity

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18
Q

2 types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondroses, symphyses

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19
Q

synchondroses

A

bar or plate of hyaline cartilage

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20
Q

symphyses

A

articular cartilage fused to a pad or plate of fibrocartilage, designed for strength and flexibility
amphiarthrotic
shock absorption, resist compression and tension

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21
Q

synovial joints

A

separated by fluid containing cavity
most abundant
widest ROM (diarthrotic)

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22
Q

parts of synovial joint

A

articular capsule, synovial cavity, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, reinforcing ligaments

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23
Q

articular capsule

A

richly innervated, maintain joint position, maintain muscle tone
1. fibrous layer on outside, made of dense irregular CT
2. synovial membrane on inside, where synovial fluid originates

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24
Q

synovial cavity

A

contains synovial fluid, separates bones

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25
synovial fluid
blood filtrate, “weeping lubrication”
26
weeping lubrication
articular cartilage takes up synovial fluid and releases it when compresses, maintains lubrication
27
articular cartilage
thin layer of hyaline cartilage that lacks perichondrium, cushions
28
reinforcing ligaments
strengthens and reinforces joint intrinsic- within joint extrinsic- outside joint/articular cartilage
29
bursae
flattened fibrous sacs with synovial membrane and thin layer of synovial fluid reduces friction
30
tendon sheath
elongated bursa that wrap around tendon to reduce friction
31
fat pads
adipose tissue distributed along periphery of synovial joint, protects and fills in open space
32
tendons
dense regular CT that attaches muscle to bone
33
skeletal muscle attachment points
origin and insertion
34
origin
muscle attached to immovable bone
35
insertion
muscle attached to movable bone
36
movement occurs when … moves toward …
insertion, origin
37
ROM of muscles
uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial
38
uniaxial movement
movement in one plane
39
biaxial movement
movement in 2 planes
40
multiaxial movement
movement in multiple planes
41
types of synovial joints (6)
hinge, planar/gliding, saddle, condylar, ball and socket, pivot
42
hinge joint
uniaxial ex: elbow
43
planar/gliding joint
uniaxial simplest, least movable ex: carpals
44
saddle joint
biaxial ex: thumb carpometacarpal
45
condylar joint
biaxial ex: metacarpal (knuckle)
46
pivot joint
uniaxial rotation of one bone along longitudinal axis ex: axis vertebra
47
ball and socket joint
multiaxial ex: hip
48
gliding movement
simplest, bone gliding over another surface
49
angular movements
changes angle between bones flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction
50
flexion
decrease angle ex: bicep curl up
51
extension
increase angle ex: bicep curl down
52
hyperextension
beyond 180° ex: extend hand up, bend knee backwards
53
lateral flexion
trunk moves distal laterally in coronal plane
54
abduction
move limb medially (away from midline)
55
adduction
move limb toward midline
56
circumduction
like a cone, point is stationary white the distal end moves in a circle
57
rotational movements
rotation, supination, pronation
58
rotation
turning along longitudinal axis, toward or away from midline
59
supination
radius and ulna are parallel
60
pronation
radius and ulna crossed
61
elevation/depression
up and down
62
inversion/eversion
sole of foot moves medially (inversion) or laterally (eversion)
63
dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
foot moves up at the ankle (dorsiflexion) or down at the ankle (plantar flexion)
64
protraction/retraction
moves anteriorly (protraction) or posteriorly (retraction)
65
opposition/reposition
touching fingers to thumb (opposition) or taking them away (reposition)
66
temporomandibular joint
small complex, only movable articulation between skull bones hinge, pivot, and gliding articular capsule promotes an extensive rom articular disc separates synovial cavity into 2 structurally bicondylar but classified as a modified hinge
67
3 ligaments of TMJ
temporomandibular/lateral ligament, stylomandibular ligament, sphenomandibular ligament
68
knee joint
largest most complex diarthrosis bursae: suprapatellar bursa, prepatellar bursa, infrapatellar bursa “joints”: knee, tibiofemoral, patellofemoral
69
sprain
stretched or torn ligament
70
cartilage injury
tearing knee menisci, growth plate fissure, overuse damage to articular cartilage, slow or no repair
71
luxation
bones forced out of alignment
72
bursitis
inflammation of bursa due to excessive stress, a blow or friction
73
tendonitis
inflammation of tendon sheath
74
osteoarthritis
degenerative joint disease that involves deterioration if cartilage at ends of bones, articular surface becomes rough and pieces break off into synovial cavity weakening, deforming or joint, stiffness and pain
75
rheumatoid arthritis
women 3x men, 40-50, chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease tenderness snd stiffness due to inflammation if synovial membrane pannus forms (thickened synovial membrane, scar tissue)
76
RA vs OA
rheumatoid due to inflammation in lining of joint, osteo is a wear process, cartilage wears down

Anatomy (5 decks)

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