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muscle Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

excitability

A

responsiveness to stimuli

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2
Q

contractilitt

A

stimulation of muscle, tension

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3
Q

elasticity

A

muscle recoils to resting length

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4
Q

extensibility

A

extend in length

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5
Q

skm tissue

A

striated, elongated with perioherally located nuclei

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6
Q

fxns of skm tissue

A

movement, posture, temp, storage and movement of materials, support

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7
Q

epimysium

A

made of dense irregular ct
covers muscle

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8
Q

perimysium

A

made of dense irregular ct
covers fascicle

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9
Q

endomysium

A

made of areolar ct
covers muscle fiber

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10
Q

sarcolemma

A

covers myofibril

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11
Q

neurovascular bundle

A

artery, vein, nerve

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12
Q

tendon

A

ct layers merge into a thick cord to attach muscles to bone

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13
Q

deep fascia

A

ensheathes wrapped muscle, separates individual muscles, binds them together into functional groups, fills spaces bw muscles

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14
Q

thick filaments are made of…

A

myosin

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15
Q

thin filaments are made of…

A

actin

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16
Q

aponeurosis

A

tendon in the form of a thin flattened sheet
shock absorption, distribute and support weight

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17
Q

blood vessels and nerves extend through…

A

epimysium and perimysium

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18
Q

fxn of blood vessels

A

deliver nutrients and remove waste

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19
Q

vessels and nerves are controlled by…

A

somatic NS (voluntary)

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20
Q

motor neurons

A

neurons that stimulate muscle contractions via axon

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21
Q

neuromuscular jxn

A

jxn between axon and muscle fiber

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22
Q

skm cells are multinucleate due to …

A

myoblasts fusing during embryonic development

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23
Q

some myoblasts dont fuse, and remain in adult skm as …

A

satellite cells

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24
Q

satellite cells

A

can be initiated to differentiate to assist in repair/regeneration of injured skm

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25
sarcoplasmic reticulum stores…
calcium
26
calcium initiates…
contraction
27
transverse tubules
deep invagination of sarcolemma that extend into sarcoplasm, form narrow network of membranous tubules, help move muscle impulse
28
triad
communication link consisting of 2 terminal cisternae and 1 t-tubule
29
regulatory proteins
tropomyosin and troponin
30
tropomyosin
covers myosin binding site on actin
31
troponin
attaches actin to tropomyosin, has a binding site for calcium
32
nebulin
actin-binding protein, responsible for thin filament length during sarcomere assembly, determines length of thin filaments
33
striations in skm tissue due to
variations in thickness of thick and thin filaments
34
sarcomere
functional contractile unit of skm fiber, between z lines
35
A band
entire thick filament, some thin
36
I band
thin filament only
37
H zone
central region of A band, only thick filament
38
M line
thin filament attachment site for thick filament, keeps alignment during contraction
39
Z line
thin filament attachment site for thin filament
40
sliding filament theory
as muscle contracts, thin filaments slide past thick filaments, and sarcomere shortens
41
during contraction:
A band remains constant H zone disappears I band narrows Z lines move closer
42
muscle contraction begins eith
nerve impulse stimulating muscle fiber at neuromuscular jxn
43
acetylcholine
neurotransmitter that initiates changes in motor end plate, start contraction
44
acetylcholinesterase
enzyme that breaks down ACh to stop contraction
45
muscle contraction steps
1. nerve impulse to NMJ 2. ACh binds 3. calcium released 4. ca binds to troponin to reveal binding site 5. myosin binds to actin, shortening sarcomere 6. ca goes to SR and tropomyosin covers binding site, relaxing muscle
46
excitation-contraction coupling
stimulation of a muscle fiber by a nerve impulse results in a series of events that leads to muscle contraction
47
motor unit
several muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron
48
smaller motor units are involved in…
finer movements
49
isometric contraction
activated but not shortened, just tension, no movement
50
isotonic contraction
muscle activated, shortens/lengthens, moves load
51
concentric isotonic
shortening
52
eccentric isotonic
lengthening
53
slow oxidative fibers
slow, prolonged contractions, red muscle, darkest fiber color
54
fast oxidative fibers
intermediate, medium darkness
55
fast glycolytic fibers
fast, rapid intense movements, white muscle, lightest fiber
56
all muscle fibers associated with a particular motor unit
same type of fiber
57
circular organization
concentric, close passageway or opening
58
parallel organization
fascicles parallel to long axis of muscle, not very strong, high endurance ex: abs
59
convergent organization
triangular muscle with common attachment site, can change direction of pull ex: pecs
60
pennate organization
one or more tendons, greatest force
61
skm contraction is
voluntary
62
joints are … bones are … muscle contraction is … and whatever you are trying to move is …
fulcrums, levers, effort, load
63
first class lever
resistance and applied force on opposite sides of fulcrum ex: nodding head
64
second class lever
resistance between fulcrum and applied force balance larger weight but slower and shorter distance ex: calf raises
65
third class lever
applied force between fulcrum and resistance greater speed and distance but less force ex: bicep curl
66
actions
prime movers/agonists, antagonists, synergists
67
prime movers/agonists
muscles provide major force
68
antagonists
oppose or reverse particular movement
69
synergists
aid agonists
70
cardiac muscle arrangement
thick bundles of cells, striated, shorter, 1-2 nuclei, many mitochondria
71
why does cardiac muscle have more mitochondria
aerobic respiration
72
shape of cardiac muscle
Y-shaped branches, join muscle fibers via intercalated discs
73
autorhythmic cardiac muscle cells
make the muscle involuntary
74
intercalated discs have…
desmosomes and gap jxns
75
smooth muscle organization
short, uninucleate, nonstriated, thin filaments attached to dense bodies, few SR, no t tubules or z discs
76
smooth muscle contains … for communication
gap jxns
77
smooth muscle is
involuntary, modulated by nervous system, autorhythmic cells
78
smooth muscle contraction
slow, sustained

Anatomy (5 decks)

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