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AS101 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the foundings of light history in order?

A 
Huygens -> light behaves like a wave
Newton -> light consists of particles
Freshel-> wavelike properties of light
Maxwell-> light as electromagnetic waves
Eistein-> light has energy called photons
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2
Q

What is quantum mechanics?

A

light is a particle and wave

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3
Q

what is the equation for wave speed?

A

wavelength times frequency

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4
Q

what is the speed of light?

A

3.0*10^8m/s

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5
Q

Name and describe the 4 interactions of light with matter

A
  1. Emission-> energy can be converted into light and emitted
  2. Absorption-> matter can absorb energy and convert to another form
  3. Transmission-> transparent objects transmit light and opaque objects absorb light
  4. Reflection-> light can bounce of objects in
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6
Q

what is an isotope?

A

same protons different neutrons

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7
Q

what is spectroscopy?

A

the process of dispersing light in a spectrum with different wavelengths

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8
Q

name and describe the three basic spectra

A
  1. continous (thermal)-> common light spans all visible wavelengths without interuption, absorbed from hot dense objects
  2. Emission line-> thin or low density cloud emits light at specific wavelengths that depend on composition and temperature
  3. Absorption line-> a cloud of gas between us and a light source can absorb light of specific wavelengths, leaving absorption lines in the spectrum
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9
Q

what is radiation emitted from a opaque object called?

A

blackbody radiation

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10
Q

what is the stefan boltzman law?

A

hotter objects emit more energy

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11
Q

what is weins law?

A

hotter objects emit photons with a higher energy and wavelength decreases with a shift towards blue

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12
Q

whats hotter a blue or red star?

A

blue

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13
Q

what is the doppler affect?

A

the frequency of waves measured by an observer changes if the source of waves is moving

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14
Q

what does a red shift or blue shift in the doppler affect state?

A

red shift moves away, blue shift towards

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15
Q

what does a larger shift in the doppler affect state?

A

moving faster

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16
Q

How does the doppler affect affect rotating objects?

A

the wider the shift the faster the object is moving

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17
Q

what is a telescope?

A

a light collecting device

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18
Q

what is the difference between reflection and refraction?

A

reflection-> bounced off

refracted-> bent

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19
Q

what is the focal plane?

A

light comes into focus from different directions

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20
Q

how do cameras detect light?

A

using ccd

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21
Q

what is the main difference between refracting and reflecting telescopes?

A

refracting use a lens and reflecting use mirrors

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22
Q

why are reflecting telescopes better?

A

they can have much greater diameters

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23
Q

what are the two most important properties of telescopes?

A
  1. light collecting area

2. angular resolution (detail with length)

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24
Q

what is resolving power?

A

minimum angular separation that telescope can distiguish

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25
what is blurring caused by?
diffraction fringe
26
what is the limit on angular resolution called?
diffraction limit
27
what does the diffraction limit depend on?
wavelength (longer wavelengths are worse)
28
what is a false colour image?
use colour to represent non visible light
29
what is the difference between red green and blue in imaging?
sulfur emissions for red, oxygen for blue, green from hydrogen
30
what is the best ground site for astronomical viewing?
calm, dry, high, dark areas
31
what is light pollution?
scattering of human made light
32
why do stars twinkle?
turbulent air distorts our view
33
what two waves can enter earths atmosphere?
radio and visible light
34
how can we observe non visible light?
satelight dish
35
where can infrared and ultraviolet telescopes operate?
outside the atmosphere
36
can x ray telescoped operate inside earths atmosphere?
no only outside
37
why are gamma ray telescopes hard to use?
must be in space
38
what is interferometry?
linking two or more telescopes so they have angular resolution of one
39
name 3 facts of the sun
99.9% solar system mass, surface temp of 5800K, 98% h and He
40
Name 3 facts of Mercury
made of metal and rock, iron core, no atmosphere, hot in day cold at night, cratered and smooth, geologically dead
41
Name 3 facts of venus
greenhouse affect, 470 all time, atmospheric pressure like underwater, no oxygen or water, cloudy tick atmosphere, smooth plains, active, tectonics and volcansim, slow rotation, reflective clouds of sulphuric acid
42
Name 3 facts of Mars
volcanoes, water flowed in past, mountains, canyons, thin atmosphere co2, no plate tectonics, dried riverbeds, frozen water under surface cratered
43
Name 3 facts of jupiter
Massive, no solid surface, moons and rings, farther from sun than inner planets, largest and most massive
44
Name 3 facts of saturn
giant and gaseous, rings of ice and rocks, moon titon, oblate, interior mostly liquid,lower internal pressure, lower magnetic feild
45
Name 3 facts of uranus
Made of H, He and hydrogen compounds, axis tilt, moons and rings
46
Name 3 facts of neptune
Made of H, He and hydrogen compounds, no axis tilt, moon triton, rings
47
Name 3 facts about pluto
Small, icy comet like, tilted plane of orbit,
48
what are the two types of planets?
Jovian and Terrestrial
49
What are asteroids?
located between mars and jupiter, rocky and metallic
50
what are kuiper belt comets?
ice that orbits the sun beyond neptune, same direction and plane as planets
51
what are oort cloud comets?
ice that orbits on the outer fringe of the solar system
52
what is the difference between a meteor and meteorite?
a meteor is a trail of light that enters the atmosphere but burns up, a meteorite is large enough to survive the fall and contain iridium
53
what are comets?
icy counter parts of asteroids, not defined in ecliptic
54
what are the 4 parts of a comet?
the nucleus, coma, plasma tail, dust tail
55
when does a meteor shower occur?
when earth passes through the trail of a comet
56
what does the nebula theory state?
our solar system formed form the collapse of a giant interstellar gas cloud (solar nebula)
57
who proposed the nebula theory?
kant laplace
58
what is galactic recycling?
elements created as stars then used in space as stars died
59
where did the sun form in the nebula theory?
the centre where temp and density where highest
60
why are there two types of planets?
inner disks are hotter than outer
61
what ended the ra of planet formation?
outflowing matter form the sun, and solar wind blew leftover gas
62
what are asteroids and comets from?
leftover from accretion process
63
what are trojan asteroids?
follow Jupiters orbit
64
what are the two types of asteroids?
primitive ( accreted in solar nebula 4.6 billion years ago), processed (younger than 4.6 billion years)
65
where do comets come from?
oort cloud
66
where does earths water come from?
icy planetesimals
67
what formed first moon rocks, meteorites or planets?
moon rocks, meteorites then planets
68
what are the two types of planet detection?
direct-> pictures or spectra | indirect->measurements of stellar properties
69
what is earths interior like?
core high density, mantle moderate density, crust has lowest density
70
what are seismic waves?
vibrations that travel through earths interior
71
what is the difference between p waves and s waves?
p waves push matter, s waves shake, p waves go through core
72
what are the 3 types of cooling?
1. convection-> transports heat 2. conduction-> transfers heat from hot material to cool 3. radiation-> send energy into space
73
what are some processes that shape planetary surfaces?
impact cratering, volcanism, tectonics and erosion
74
what does lots of craters say?
little geological activity, old
75
what is outgassing?
gasses released from interior into atmosphere
76
why is the sky blue?
air matter scatters blue light
77
what is a magnetosphere?
stream of particles from the sun called solar wind, these partices spiral and emit light
78
how does earth thermostat work?
cooling allwows co2 buildup and heating allows co2 reduction
79
Is the moon geologically active?
no and it has many craters and no atmosphere
80
why are seasons on mars different than earth?
co2 condenses and sublimes at opposite poles, changes in atmosphere drive winds
81
why are uranus and neptune blue?
high methane gas
82
what are two jovian storms?
jupiters giant red spot, neptunes dark spot (disappeared.)
83
what is the roche limit?
material for a moon cannot coalesce inside due to gravitational forces

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