ASA 103 Review Questions Flashcards
(215 cards)
1
Q
A ____-_____ cockpit allows water to escape overboard, either by way of _______ or through the ______.
A
self-bailing or self-draining; scuppers or the transom
2
Q
A ____ is used to adjust tension in standing rigging cables
A
Turnbuckle
3
Q
When going forward on the sidedeck, it is safer to walk along the _____ side of the boat.
A
Windward or high
4
Q
Cleaning supplies, fenders, a boathook, spare lines and even extra sails can be stowed in the _____ _____.
A
cockpit locker
5
Q
If the wheel system fails, then an _____ _____ may be fitted to the _____ _____ to allow steering to resume.
A
emergency tiller; rudder post
6
Q
The space beneath the cabin sole is called the _____.
A
bilge
7
Q
To prevent accidental leaks due to hose failure, it is good practice to close all ______ when leaving the boat unattended.
A
seacocks
8
Q
Type “B” fire extinguishers are used to combat _____ based fires.
A
flammable liquid or petroleum
9
Q
Most sailboat electrical fixtures such as lights and pumps run on ____ volts ____ power, which is provided by the _____ _____.
A
12; DC; house batteries
10
Q
When connected to _____ (110v AC), the battery voltage is maintained using a battery _____. While motoring, the engine-mounted ______ charges the batteries.
A
shorepower; charger; alternator
11
Q
The battery _____ switch is usually a dial-type fixture that allows a choice to be made between house and _____ battery banks.
A
selector; starting
12
Q
A pre-departure on-deck inspection should include looking for missing _____ ______.
A
cotter pins or rings
13
Q
Once the auxiliary engine is started, it is important to check that ____ is _____ out of the ______.
A
water; flowing; exhaust
14
Q
A diesel engine is stopped by shutting off the ____ supply.
A
fuel
15
Q
When shifting from forward to reverse gear (or vice versa) it is critical to pause in _______ for a second or two. Why?
A
neutral; allow propeller to slow to a stop
16
Q
The tendency of the stern of the boat to be pushed sideways when the engine is in reverse gear is called ____ _____.
A
prop walk
17
Q
With the engine in reverse gear, a right-handed propeller will likely cause the stern to walk to _____.
A
port (and a left-handed propeller will walk starboard)
18
Q
A vessel with divers in the water may display either a ____ ____ flag (describe it) or International Code flag ____ (describe it.)
A
recreational diver which is red with diagonal white stripe; an international “A” flag which has vertical white and blue swallowtail
19
Q
Identify: turnbuckle; chainplate; toerail; hatch; cockpit coaming; cockpit sole; companionway; primary winch; binnacle; stemhead fitting; galley; saloon; chart table; v-berth; head; quarter berth; portlight; fixed light; locker; cabin sole
A
stemhead fitting is the attachment point for the forestay
20
Q
Identify: turnbuckle; chainplate; toerail; hatch; cockpit coaming; cockpit sole; companionway; primary winch; binnacle; stemhead fitting; galley; saloon; chart table; v-berth; head; quarter berty; portlight; fixed light; locker; cabin sole
A
stemhead fitting is the attachment point for the forestay
21
Q
The ____ has ultimate responsibility for the safety of the _____, ______, and ______.
A
captain/skipper vessel, crew and passengers
22
Q
A ______ may be made of webbing or line and has a clip on either end. One end commonly attaches to a _____ _____ worn by the crew, the other end is secured to a strong pad-eye or _____.
A
tether; safety harness; jackline
23
Q
Card deleted
A
Card deleted
24
Q
Other than the federally required items, ASA recommends the following additional equipment be carried on board (name at least 10)
Communications (2) Boat equipment (7) Navigation aids (3) Skipper tools (4) Safety (1)
A
Communications - VHF radio - Celll phone Boat equipment - anchor - boat hook - spare lines - radar reflector - softwood plugs - portable bilge pump - bucket Navigation aids - navigation charts - plotting tools - clock / watch Skipper tools: - knife - general tool kit - binoculars - flashlight Safety - first-aid kit
25
When a sailboat with wheel steering is hove-to, the wheel would be fully turned to _____
windward
26
The amount of oil in the _____ _____ may be checked by withdrawing the ______, wiping, dipping and reading.
auxiliary engine; dipstick
27
The ___-____ ____ helps prevent grass, seaweed, and other undersirable debris from entering the engine's _____ _____.
raw-water strainer; cooling system
28
To help prevent diesel spills, it is better to fill the tank _____.
slowly
29
It is illegal to dump _____, _____ _____, and _____ anywhere in the ocean or inland waters
plastic, diesel fuel, oil
30
Small items of food waste, paper and glass may be legally discharged if the vessel is more than ____ off-shore.
three miles
31
Most water-heater appliances have two ways of heating water -- either from the _____'s ____ ____, or from ______ ______.
engine's cooling system, shorepower electricity
32
A marine toilet must be connected to a ____ ____ device, which on most boats is a _____ _____.
marine sanitation; holding tank
33
Ways to reduce weather helm and excessive healing include (name at least three)
crew to windward side
heading up into wind; easing the mainsheet; lowering the traveller leeward;
flatten the sail (tightening adjustable backstay; tightening the outhaul; tightening halyard and cunningham)
reefing the mainsail
34
Tightening the _____ decreases the _____ or "____" of the mainsail
outhaul; draft/depth; "belly"
35
One way that twist in the jib can be adjusted is with the position of the _____ ___. If the jib has too much twist, move it ____. If it needs more twist, move it ____.
jibsheet cars; forward; aft
36
When reefing the mainsail while underway, it is better to keep the boat moving on a _____ _____ point of sail.
close reach
37
When reefing the mainsail, once the new _____ is established, take up the _____ again until the ____ is tight, then tighten the _____.
tack; halyard; luff; clew
38
It is easier to reef or furl the roller-furling jib while on a _____ _____ point of sail.
broad reach
39
Once the jib is reefed, the ______ should be moved ______ to maintain _____ _____ between the ____ and foot of the sail.
jibsheet car; forward; balanced tension; leech and foot
40
When heaving-to, the ____-_____ _____ and the _____-_____ _____ are in _______, causing the boat to sail very slowly with the wind just forward of the ____.
back-winded jib; leeward-positioned mainsail; opposition; beam
41
When a sailboat with wheel steering is hove-to, the wheel would be fully turned to _____
windward
42
A vessel is considered to be overtaking another if it is approaching from within an arc up to ___ ____ ___ the _____ on either side of he vessel being overtaken. This total arc of 135 degrees fills the same sector as the _____ _____
22.5 degrees abaft the beam; stern light
43
Under US Inland Rules of Navigation, some sound signals (whistle blasts) are used to signal ____ and require a _____.
intent; response
44
In a situation where two power-driven vessels are crossing, one short whistle blast means "I intend to leave you on my _____ side". In an overtaking situation, one short whistle blast means "I intend to ____ you on your starboard side"
port; pass
45
If a vessel operating in Inland Waters does not agree or understand the intent of another vessel, then it would sound ____ short whistle blasts. Three short whistle blasts means "I am engaging _____ gear"
five; reversing
46
Hoisting a _____ ____ will increase the likelihood of being "seen" by a vessel equipped with radar.
radar reflector
47
A sailing vessel under way at night or in restricted visibility must display _____ lights, which are red and green in color, and a ____ light that is ____ in color.
side; stern; white
48
The color on top of a horizontally striped red and green beacon or buoy indicates on which side to leave that mark in order to stay in the _____ channel.
preferred
49
When steering a vessel using a compass, the intended direction is called the _____ and the direction the boat is actually pointing is called the _____.
course; heading
50
The difference between True and Magnetic direction is called ______. The difference between the Magnetic and _____ direction is called ______.
variation; Compass; deviation
51
Items that may cause interference with the proper functioning of a compass include (name at least three)
magnets, tools, flashlights, cell phones, speaker in VHF radio, anything containing iron
52
A distance of one nautical mile is equal to one _____ of latitude. One degree of latitude is equal to ____ nautical miles. Speed units are usually expressed in _____, which means ____ ____ ____ ____. Time units are expressed in _____ when using the equation Distance = Speed x Time.
minute; sixty; knots; "nautical miles per hour"; hours
53
Important considerations for selecting an anchorage include: ____ from wind and waves; _____ ___ so as to not bump another boat; ____ _____ appropriate for the boat ground tackle; and acceptable total _____ including any changes in tidal height.
protection; swinging room; anchor type; depth
54
To confirm an anchor has set properly, one can observe the anchor _____ for tautness and lack of vibration. Looking ____ at a ______ of two aligned stationary objects can provide additional confirmation of a well-set anchor.
rode; abeam; range
55
The first response to be taken to correct a dragging anchor is to increase the _____.
scope
56
As the anchor is being raised with power assist from the engine, the foredeck crew should point ____ the direction of the anchor rode, so the helmsman know which way to _____.
toward; steer
57
When parallel docking, it is preferable to bring the boat alongside the dock while heading ____ ____ ____, if possible.
into the wind
58
A _____ _____ is usually the first to be secured when docking, and last to be cast off when departing
spring
59
For safety reasons, crew should never use their ____ or ____ to fend the boat off. Instead, _____ should be used in between the boat and the dock or piling.
hands; feet; fenders
60
Most cruising sailboats carry a ____ radio, which can be used not only for emergencies or routine communications with other stations, but also to receive _____ ______ ______.
VHF; local weather forecasts
61
A significant weather threat faced by sailors is the summer _____, which can develop relatively quickly and be accompanied by ____ _____ and _____ _____.
thunderstorms; high winds; intense rain
62
Fog often occurs when it is ____ and _____ ashore; and the water ____ ____ ____
hot and humid ashore; water temperature is cool
63
The greatest tidal range is usually observed during ____ tides, when the moon is either ____ or _____.
spring; full or new
64
As the tide comes in (tide height goes from low to high), a _____ current may be generated, depending on local geography. When the tide is going out, it is call an _____ current. If not current is flowing, it is said to be _____ water.
flood; ebb; slack
65
When sailing in a current, the direction the current is flowing is called _____, and the drift is the ____ of that current.
set; speed
66
If the boat runs aground, the first action to be taken is to _____ sheets if sailing, or shift the engine to _____ if under power.
ease; neutral
67
A ______ is a portable anchor that can be used to help haul a boat off a grounding
kedge
68
If the boat has a serious leak, the following actions should be performed immediately (5)
Notify the crew and tighten safety approach; operate pumps; find source of leak; stem the leak; decide next actions
69
If a shroud or stay fails, the most important thing is to keep the mast ____ _____ by relieving ____ and providing additional support, perhaps with a ____ _____ if available.
mast standing upright; strain; spare halyard
70
One major benefit of using the Quick Stop man-overboard recovery is
that the boat stays _____ to the MOB
71
Name at least 3 potential sources of fire or explosion on board a sailboat with an auxiliary engine
faulty electrical wiring; outboard engine fuel (gasoline), cooking fuel (alcohol or propane), engine fuel leak (diesel)
72
One major benefit of using the Quick Stop man-overboard recovery is
that the boat stays closer to the MOB
73
Using the Quick Stop recovery method, the first boat maneuver is (after first _____ _____ and _____ _____ _____) is to ____, leaving the _____ _____ (on its cleat or self-tailing winch) so that the jib is backwinded after the tack.
deploying floatation; assigning a spotter; tack; jibsheet
74
A MOB in cold water should assume the _____ _____ so as to minimize the loss of body heat.
Heat Escape Lessening Position (HELP)
75
A person suffering from Stage 2 (moderate) hypothermia should treated by (true or false): removing wet clothing; massaging arms and legs; covering head and body with blankets, add body heat from another person; administering fluids, including alcohol
True; False; True; False
76
When planning a passage, it is important to identify alternative ______ in case of poor weather or problems with the vessel
destinations or anchorages
77
Name at least 5 items of information that should be included in the skipper's pre-cruise and safety briefing to crew and passengers:
PFDs; fire extinguishers; flares; VHF radio; itinerary; sailing controls orientation (sheets, halyards); dock/slip departure plan; assignment of duties
78
Between the cleat on the deck and the cleat on the dock, a dock line usually passes through a _____ (a.ka. ________)
fairlead (a.k.a chock)
79
The anchor stows atop the ______ _______.
stemhead fitting
80
Name three types of rudders, and describe differences
1. Keel-hung; behind and supported by a full boat keel, very protected.
2. Skeg-hung; behind and supported by a skeg protection that is separate from the keel itself. Protected.
3. Spade; free-standing. Support only by connections within the hull.
81
Key divisions along the cabin are called
bulkheads
82
Floor of cabin is called
cabin sole
83
Why is it called a locker and not a cabinet
because it needs to lock
84
Name three types of openings from above or side into the cabin
1. Hatches, can open
2. Deadlights, do not
3. Portlights, do
85
How does a fresh water system work (4 elements)
1. Storage tank from external fill or desalinator
2. Acccumulator tank (bladder)
3. Pressure switch
4. Potentially separate hot water accumulator
86
Waste water (e.g., from sinks) seacocks should be
1. Closed when away from the boat for a long period of time
| 2. Below heel-induced waterline should be closed before being underway
87
The electrical panel with all the switches is known as a
distribution panel
88
Keep an eye on the volt meter to ensure...
... batteries are properly charged.
89
A battery selector switch should be:
1. OFF when away from the boat
2. BOTH when starting the engine
3. BOTH when the engine is running (never OFF)
3. Turned to 1 when only needing House Batteries
5. Never allow 2 to drain or be used for House functions
90
Never turn the battery selector switch to OFF when..
... the engine is running.
91
Before getting underway: Safety inspection (five things)
1. Quantity and quality of PFDS
2. Location, status of fire extinguishers
3. Visuals: smoke, flares, flashlights, strobes
4 Sounds: air horn, whistle, VHF radio charged
5. MOB gear: flotation, light pole, rescue collar
92
Before getting underway: Below decks (four things, five with gasoline engine)
1. Store loose items to prevent projectiles
2. Locker contents secure; lockers latched
3. Watertightness: bilge status; portlights; hatches
4. Through-hulls set: engine open, others closed
5. (Gas only) Blower operating
93
Before getting underway: Inspect on deck
1. Standing Rigging connections; cotter pins; cover tape
2. Lifelines: turnbuckles, frayed connection, cotter pins
3. Running rigging: blocks secure; winches spinning, lines
4. Manual bilge pump
94
Lines running from boat to dock pass through a.... (two names)
fairlead or chock
95
The anchor stores atop the...
stemhead fitting
96
Why is it called a locker and not a cabinet?
It latches
97
Three types of openings can allow in light to cabin:
portlights, deadlights, hatches
98
What should be closed below deck before sailing with a heel?
seacocks (careful of the engine seacock)
99
Staring procedure for a diesel engine:
1. Battery to both
2. Seacock for engine cooling open
2. Neutral
3. 1/4 Throttle
4. Key to "on" (buzzing sound)
5. Glow plug for 20 to 30 seconds, then start button
6. Run for 15 seconds then throttle back to idle
7. CHECK THE EXHAUST OUTLET FOR WATER
100
Right handed propeller, prop wash does what?
Spins the boat in the direction of the rudder direction with little forward movement
101
Right handed propeller, prop walk does what?
In forward (front of hand) gear, pushes stern toward starboard (direction of thumb)
In reverse (back of hand) gear, pushes stern toward port (ditto)
102
When a boat is moving backward, important to never do this
Take hands off tiller or wheel
103
Divers in water should display either
International Code Flag "A" (white/blue pointed pennant) or Diver Down flag (red with white diagonal stripe)
104
In a two stroke motor....
... two things must be in the fuel -- gasoline AND oil. Not true in a four-stroke motor.
105
Important to remember for the fuel to flow to an outboard motor...
...the vent cap must be opened.
106
After an outboard motor starts, it is important to look for...
... flow of water out the back.
107
If steering with an outboard motor tiller, the rudder should be
athwartship (fore and aft)
108
Take onto a dinghy...
PFD; flashlight; extra line; oars or paddle
109
The line at the front of a dinghy is called...
a painter
110
To train the crew properly...
... not only show how to do something, but explain why it's important to do it in that way
111
Tips for staying on board
... walk on high side; keep CoG low; hold onto handrails or shrouds; wear a safety harness and tether
112
Put on life jackets in these situations (3 about person; 4 about environment; 2 about others aboard; 2 about actions on deck)
1. Can't swim
2. Clothing would make swimming difficult
3. Tired or not feeling well
1. Bad weather
2. Big seas
3. Water temperature is cold
4. Reduced visibility
5. Night
1. Sailing with inexperienced crew or children
2. Single-handing or few other people onboard
1. Moving out of cockpit
2. Boat with no lifelines
113
When filling any tank on a boat, be sure to triple check....
... the label on the cap. (Don't put water in the fuel)
114
Use _____ _______ to cover nozzle of fuel fill when putting on and removing from boat. Clean up spills.
... disposable wipe
115
Before opening the cap of an onboard tank, be sure to...
... wipe away any dirt or debris near the opening.
116
Pressurized water is convenient, but...
... can lead to all water being pumped to the bilge if something goes wrong. Turn the water pump off when not needed. Always be listening for the sound of the pump.
117
To avoid trash aboard...
... eliminate packaging when provisioning.
118
Illegal to discharge sewage within a...
...three-mile limit.
119
MSD means
Marine Sanitation Device
120
MDS Type I and II do what?
treat the waste before discharging overboard.
121
MDS Type III is what?
Holding tank approach
122
A discharge value that directs sewage overboard must...
... be closed and the handle either locked or removed.
123
In weather helm, letting go of wheel will have the boat..
...round up into the wind.
124
In lee helm, letting go of wheel will have the boat...
... fall off away from the wind.
125
Why do you want a bit of weather helm?
Creates lift over the keel when heeling
126
Sail force is directly proportional to sail area
Double the size, double the force
127
The point of cumulative pressure on the sails is called the
Center of Effort
128
Where typically is the CoE?
Mast, 1/3 of the way up
129
The cumulative force under the boat is called..
the Center of Lateral Resistance (CLR)
130
To reduce weather helm, do the following to the mainsail (3 things)
... depower the sail by flatttening it, changing angle of attack by easing mainsheeet or lowering the traveller
131
Reduce sail power by...
... adjusting trim; reducing sail volume (reefing); taking down sail altogether
132
Order of reefing
Jib first, main second -- on the main, tack end first, clew end second
133
An immediate response to the need to reef (but before reefing) is to..
... increase safety awareness and procedures
134
When easing a line from a winch...
... keep one hand against the line on the drum to keep control. Never unfurl line on a winch rapidly.
135
The difference between a clutch and a cleat
Cleats are usually after the winch, where most of the load is borne. Clutches are in front of a winch, so bear the load.
136
Never lift a clutch carrying a load without first...
... wrapping line around a winch for a controlled release. Shift the load from the clutch to the winch
137
When pulling a line through a clutch it is not necessary to first...
... open the clutch.
138
Why is twist needed
Winds aloft faster than at boat level
139
The difference between wind speed at deck level and masthead is call the...
... wind gradient
140
Deeper the mainsail draft...
... the more powerful the sail
141
Does move the traveller change the twist of a mainsail?
No. It changes the relative angle of attacks all along the sail.
142
What does change the twist in a mainsail -- (two answers)
Mainsheet and boom vang
143
To get less twist in a jib....
move jib cars forward
144
To get more twist in a jib...
move jib cars backward
145
General reefing procedure for mainsail
1. Close reach
2. Tighten topping lift
3. Mainsheet onto a winch first,
4. Ease mainsheet and vang
5. Slowly lower main, pulling down on tack reefing line first. Tie is off.
6. Tie off the clew end.
7. Tighten halyard and boom vang
8. Release the topping lift
146
General reefing procedure for mainsail
1. Close reach
2. Ease mainsheet and vang
3. Tighten topping lift
4. Halyard on a winch (2-3) to take load off clutch
5. Slowly lower main, pulling down on tack reefing line first. Tie is off.
6. Raise halyard again to tighten luff.
7. ONLY THEN, haul in the slack at the clew reefing line
8. Vang must be slack. Lock reefing line in clutch.
9. Ease the topping lift. Trim
147
Heaving to
0. NOTE THE DIRECTION IN WHICH YOU WANT TO DRIFT?
1. Jib backwinded
2. Wheel turned to same side as jib.
3. Main to balance
148
Fore-reaching means to....
Slow progress to windward, furl the jib and sail with main alone, with one or two reefs in place.
149
Motor sailing to windward
Mainsheet only, very close hauled. Potentially much closer point of sail to apparent wind, though don't motor into eye of wind.
150
A lee shore should be considered as...
... not just shore, but any leeward object you really don't want to connect with -- a dock, fishing pier, another boat, buoy.
151
Two sets of navigation rules
72 COLREGS and US Inland Rules
152
Rule 16
Early and substantial action
153
Rule 5
Lookout rule - sight/sound/plus; at all times; prevailing conditions
154
Rule 12
Sailing vessels
155
Rule 13
Overtaking
156
Rule 14
Head-on
157
Rule 15
Crossing situation
158
Rule 18
Hierarchy of privilege
159
Rule 10
Traffic Separation Schemes
160
Three short blasts on a horn (Intl and US)
"I am operating astern propulsion"
161
Five short blasts on a horn (Intl and US)
"I am unsure of your intentions"k
162
One short blast (Intl only)
"I am altering my course to starboard"
163
Two short blasts (Intl only)
"I am altering my course to port"
164
One short blast (US Inland)
"I intend to leave you on my port side"
165
Two short blasts (US Inland)
"I intent to leave you on my starboard side"
166
Same number of blasts come back (US Inland)
Other boat agrees
167
Five blasts come back (US Inland)
Other boat not in agreement
168
Vessels under sail are not required to use these signals of intent.
True, but may
169
In limited visibility, vessels under sail signal with
one long blast, followed by two short, repeated at 2 minutes
170
Fog signal Vessel under power (even a sailboat)
one long blast, repeated at 2 minutes
171
Navigation light: power vessel underway
white masthead light covering same forward arc as red + green lights (also needed)
172
Navigation lights: all vessels underway must show
red, green, white stern light
173
Navigation lights: power > 164 ft. must show...
two white masthead lights, the one aft is higher
174
Navigation lights: vessel at anchor
"An all-around white light wheere it can best be seen"
175
Navigation lights: vessel at anchor during the day
Black ball in forward part of vessel
176
Navigation aids: Intercoastal waterway, WHEN travelling NJ to Texas
yellow triangles passed on starboard side; yellow squares on port side
177
What is the lubber's line?
Line in a compass aligned with cL of boat
178
Compass variation
Difference between Magnetic North and true north
179
Compass deviation
Objects on the boat that have to be "tuned" out when setting up the boat
180
Compass interference
Nearby object (cell phones, radios, flashlights, etc.)
181
Nautical mile
One minute of Latitude
182
How can you tell if being impacted by a current or leeway?
Steer toward an object and note an object behind it. Shift would indicate drift
183
Relative position: Transit
Line from a far mark through a near mark. When hitting that line, transit point
184
Relative position: Ranges
Keeping two marks in a line
185
"Ground tackle"
Anchor + Rode (rope and/or chain)
186
Best and worst bottoms for anchoring
Best: Sand, Mud, Clay (Cl)
Worst: Rocks (Rk)
187
Anchor scope
Rode length / (depth + height above water) -- remember, depth on chart is low water level. Must add for high water
188
Good rule of thumb for scope
7:1
189
Describe springing out the stern
Aft spring line from bow (doubled) last line removed, steering wheel to starboard, engine forward (REMEMBER THE FENDER)
190
Describe sprining out the bow
Forward spring line from stern (doubled) last line removed, rudder straight, back down
191
How to tell direction of current
Look at water flowing past stationary objects
192
What to look for in a dummy pass by a dock
Material, height for fenders, what will be tying up to, if pilling can you reach up to top,
193
To prepare a dock line
1. Make one end fast on cleat
2. Pass through fairlead under lifeline, then up over top of lifeline back onto boat.
3. Ensure coiled neatly
194
Approach a mooring from...
downwind
195
Rule #1 of leaving a mooring...
... don't run over the buoy or pendant (pennant)" Plan your exit.
196
Wave height is a function of four things:
1. Wind strength; 2. Time its been blowing; 3. Fetch (uninterruped path); 4. Depth (shallowness) of water
197
Which moves move quickly -- a cold front or warm front
Cold front, dipping under warm air, pushing it upward, rain
198
High-pressure system
Cooler air moving downward, spins clockwise, usually clearer skies, frequently then giving off winds into low pressure systems
199
Low-pressure system
bowl of warmer, less-dense air; air moves counter-clockwise
200
The closer the isobar lines on a weather chart
the steeper the pressure gradient and stronger the associated winds
201
"Mackeral sky and mare's tails make tall ships carry low sails"
Mares' tails Wispy high altitude cirrus clouds -- showery weather
Mackeral fish scales cirrocumulus -- windy weather
202
Puffy clouds
Cumulus
203
Tall cauliflower topped clouds
Cumulonimbus (bad news)
204
Preparation for being caught in a storm
1. VHF weather to understand how bad. Then Ch16
2. Find open naviagable weather to leeward
3. Life jackets, safety harness, jack lines, waterproof clothing
4. Close all openings; Secure everything above/below deck
5. Have anchor ready to deploy, if needed
6. Start the engine
7. Drop and furl sails secure them well
8. Scan for other boats
9. If lightning, everyone below, stay away from metal.
10. If lightning, unplug
11. If seaway, drive boat into wind, into waves
205
Tides are strongest when, and are called what?
New moon, full moon, spring tides (larger gradient)
206
Tides height changes are lowest when, and are called
First quarter and last quarter moon, neap tides, less tideight e gradient
207
A current that is coming in is called? A tide going out is called? Water neither coming or going is called?
Flood; Ebb; Slack
208
What is the direction of a current called? What about it's speed
Set, Drift
209
VHF "DSC"
Digital selective calling. Automated calls (if set up) for distress. Also, direct calling another boat's MMSI (Martime Mobile Service Identify)
210
VHF "DSC"
Digital selective calling. Automated calls (if set up) for distress. Also, direct calling another boat's MMSI (Martime Mobile Service Identify)
211
Practice a Mayday call
```
Channel 16
Mayday x 3; this is SV x 3
Mayday, this is SV
I am in position...
The emergency is...
I need....
When looking for me, I look like....
There are X souls aboard
```
212
Practice a Pan Pan call
Channel 16
For when no imminent danger to boat or people (lost steering) or when seeing another boat in distress
Pan Pan x3; this is SV x 3
(then same as Mayday info)
213
Practice a Securite' call
Securite' (se-cu-ri-tay) x 3
This is SVx3
Reporting this hazard to navigation...
It is in position...
214
Practice a Boat to Boat Call
```
Boat, Boat, Boat this is SV _____
wait for acknowledgement
Boat, please switch to 68, 69, 71, 72
wait for acknowledgement before switching then starting again
Boat, Boat, Boat this is SV ____
wait for acknowledgement
Then use "over" for end of all subsequent sentences
Use "out" when done
```
215
Dealing with a leak
0. PFDs, harnesses, etc.
1. Arrange for water to be sent overboard or into cockpit A. Bilge pump B. Backup Bilge Pump C. Manual Bilge Pump D. Buckets
2. Find the leak A. Damage to hull B. Through hulls C. Propeller shaft D. Rudder post
3. Stem the leak A. Braced rags B. Softwood plugs C. Wrap damaged hull in a sail;
4. Assess distress call and next steps
