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ASA Coursework > ASA 106 Related Questions > Flashcards

ASA 106 Related Questions Flashcards

1
Q

“Seamanship”

A

“The art of sailing, maneuvering, and preserving a ship or a boat in all positions and under all reasonable circumstances”

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2
Q

The luff of a mainsail is attached to the mast either by:

A

the bolt rope or slugs

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3
Q

Center of Buoyancy vs. Center of Gravity

A

CoB - locus of forces keeping the boat afloat; CoG - locus of weight pulling the boat down

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4
Q

Most of the force generated by sails is centered just a bit forward of ______. The ____, _____, ____, and ____ convert that force into forward motion

A

sideways; rudder, keel, dagger boards, skeg

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5
Q

When the mast is ____ to aft, weather helm is _____..

A

raked; induced/increased;

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6
Q

The downside of too much weather helm

A

rudder is slowing down boat vs. adding lift forward

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7
Q

The “right” amount of weather helm tug is about ____ degrees

A

three

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8
Q

At 1/3 of hull speed, there will be ____ waves created by the boat from bow to stern. At 1/2 hull speed, there will be ____. If there is only one, then the boat is near or at its _______ hull speed.

A

three; two; one

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9
Q

Displacement to length ratio = D/L ratio

A

Displacement (in long tons) / (.01xLWL)^3

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10
Q

Displacement to length range of values

A

30 (dinghy) to 350 (heavy cruisers)

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11
Q

Sail area to displacement ration = SA/D

A

sail area / (displacement)^2/3

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12
Q

Sail area to displacement SA/D range of values

A

10 - 24+ Conservative cruisers 10-15 Cruiser/racers 16-20 Moderate racing boats 21-23 High performance racers 24 and above

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13
Q

Six S’s of choosing a boat

A

Strength Seaworthiness Stability Seakindliness Simplicity

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14
Q

The benefit of a smaller cockpit is that during a storm or heavy seas,

A

less water can be taken aboard

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15
Q

In a fractional mast design, the jib it hoisted…

A

below the top of the mast.

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16
Q

In a masthead rig, the jib is usually…

A

a genoa whose foot extends well into the area of the mainsail

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17
Q

Another name for close-hauled

A

Beating

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18
Q

Name points of sail from bow to stern (six of them, seven if you remember 1a)

A
  1. No-Go Zone 1a. Forereach 2. Close-hauled / Beating 3. Close reach 4. Beam reach 5. Broad reach 6. Running
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19
Q

Deck communication during a tack

A

“Ready about” “Ready” “Helm’s a-lee”

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20
Q

Deck communication during a jib

A

“Stand by to jibe” “Ready” “Jibe-ho”

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21
Q

Quick stop method of MOB

A

Mainsail to the centerline; circles, allowing boat to tack and jibe

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22
Q

Reach and Reach method of MOB

A

Broad reach for six seconds, tack, head downwind past MOB, turn upwind to MOB

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23
Q

Before casting off, file a ____ _____.

A

Float plan.

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24
Q

Before casting off checklist (SDSRI)

A
  1. Secured boat (battened down inside) 2. Dry boat (check and empty bilge) 3. Safe boat (5 safety equipment items - PDFs, Fire, Flares, Sound, MOB, VHF on/tuned) 4. Ready boat (fuel, water, batteries, cooling; lines; departure plan) 5. Informed boat (crew briefing: float plan; safety; boat features; roles)
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25
Q

Before casting off checklist nmemonic

A

SDSRI

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26
Q

What is a gilguy?

A

To hold halyard off mast when docked (stop the clanging)

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27
Q

What is the name of the name of the line that ties halyards away from a mast

A

Gilguys

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28
Q

Which increases twist in the mainsail – the main sheet or the traveller?

A

Main sheet

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29
Q

Easing the main sheet has what effect on twist?

A

Increases it; spills wind

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30
Q

Mainsheet pulled in, boom goes ___ and ____.

A

inward and down

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31
Q

Mainsheet eased, boom goes ___ and ____.

A

outward and up

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32
Q

The primary purpose of the traveller is to…

A

change the angle of attack of the mainsail

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33
Q

What controls the up and down motions of the boom?

A

top lift vs. boom vang

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34
Q

What is the aft side of the mainsail called?

A

The leech

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35
Q

What is the name of the cord running through the aft side of the mainsail?

A

The leech line or leech cord

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36
Q

Genoas are too big in heavy winds because they produce too much ____ _____.

A

Side force

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37
Q

Common names given to jibs in descending order of size

A

Genoa, #1, #2, etc.

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38
Q

What is the difference between draft and camber?

A

Draft is the depth of the deepest part of the sail. Camber is the relationship of Draft to Sail Foot (so 1 foot : 10 feet, camber is 1:10, or 10%)

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39
Q

Increasing camber increases the sail’s _____. Too much camber risks the wind flow becoming _____ from the leeward side of the sail.

A

power; detached

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40
Q

On a run, with the mainsheets and boom vang opened up, run a risk of _____ between the sail and the _____

A

chafe; spreaders

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41
Q

The offset to the Center of Lateral Resistance is the

A

sails’ Center of Effort

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42
Q

The offset to the sails’ Center of Effort is the

A

Center of lateral resistance

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43
Q

To test a boat’s balance try steering without the helm. Triming the jib tighter will lead to ____ _____. Trimming the main will lead to _____ _____.

A

Falling off; heading up

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44
Q

To use sails to steer, do the following two things to head up:

A

Trim the main, ease the jib

45
Q

To use sails to steer, do the following two things to head up:

A

Trim the main, ease the jib

46
Q

To use sails to steer, do the following to fall off:

A

Trim the jib, ease the main

47
Q

If the earth didn’t spin, winds would primarily from the ____ to the _____.

A

poles to the equator (cold air filling in under warm air)

48
Q

Because the earth spins, the _____ _____ generally pushes air to the right in the ______ _____ and vice versa.

A

Coriolis effect; Northern Hemisphere

49
Q

If prevailing winds and local breezes align, can cause

A

very strong winds

50
Q

Which is more variable across the span of a day – land temperature or water temperature

A

Land temp is more unstable, fluctuating more so than a large body of water

51
Q

The edges of high and low pressure systems can reinforce one another like the edges of a ____.

A

Gear

52
Q

High pressure systems spin

A

clockwise

53
Q

Low pressure systems spin

A

counter clockwise

54
Q

Which is more dangerous – a cold front or a warm front

A

A cold front, as it pushes warm humid air higher.

55
Q

A cold front’s calling card is a mass of dense, towering _____ clouds indicating _____ _____.

A

cumulus clouds; vertical instability

56
Q

Warm fronts move at about ____ the speed of a cold front.

A

half

57
Q

The dew point is the temperature when

A

fog will form

58
Q

Fog forms when damp ____ or ____ air flows across cold water and is chilled to its ___ ____

A

sea or lake; dew point

59
Q

Fog needs to be “burned off” by _____ the temperature of the air either by the ____ or a warmer _____.

A

raising; sun; landmass

60
Q

Name the following type of fog: warm air flowing over colder water or land; typical heavy fog bank of coastal fog; usually winds < 15 knots

A

Advection fog

61
Q

Occurs ahead of warm and occluded fronts, rain falling from rising warm air falls into cooler air.

A

Frontal Fog

62
Q

A fog bank, warm air blowing over upwellings of cooler air, like entrance to San Francisco bay

A

Inversion Fog

63
Q

Occurs over land, at sunset usually, air with peak humidity brought rapidly down to its dew point.

A

Radiation Fog

64
Q

Warm air meeting cold water, occurs at sea

A

Sea Fog

65
Q

Seen over rivers and small lakes, early morning cooling air sinking down from hills and valleys to lower ground

A

Steam Fog

66
Q

Which is more severe – a weather watch or a warning

A

Warning. A watch is a statement of possible risk. A warning is a statement of current or imminent events.

67
Q

Cloud type: highest, least substantial, 45,000 feet and above; wispy and lying at oblique angles

A

Cirrus

68
Q

Cloud type: wispy clouds lying in sheets; may drape the sky in a gray haze and cause a halo around the sun

A

Cirrostratus

69
Q

Cloud type: barely formed puffy balls, altitude 15-45k feet; usually in large clumps; may look like fish scales; mackerel sky, mackerel sky, not long wet, not long dry

A

Cirrocumulus

70
Q

Cloud type: sheets 6k to 23k, thicker, darker and more claustrophobic than higher cirrostratus clouds

A

Altostratus

71
Q

Cloud type: grayish white rolls, like cirrocumulus but appear darker, sometimes in layers

A

Altocumulus

72
Q

Cloud type: Dark, large puffy balls, compressed layers,

A

Stratocumulus

73
Q

Cloud type: less dangerous than cumulonimbus thunderheads; puffy white cotton balls at 6k feet.

A

Cumulus

74
Q

Cloud type: dark, tightly packed balls, my churn and tower at 6k feet, if broader at top –> anvil head from violent updraft. Strong winds.

A

Cumulonimbus Clouds

75
Q

Cloud type: rain-laden, heavy, low-lying, dark gray blankets, come with warm fronts and northeasters, soggy bases just above earth’s surface

A

Nimbostratus

76
Q

What is the shape of a cumuli cloud?

A

Heaped or in a pile

77
Q

What is the shape of a stratus cloud?

A

a sheet or horizontal layer

78
Q

What is the shape of a cirrus cloud

A

thread-like, hairy, wispy, curled

79
Q

What is meant by the prefix nimbus or nimbo in clouds

A

Rain-bearing

80
Q

What would be the height of a cloud prefixed by alto

A

cloud of medium height

81
Q

What would be the height of a cloud with prefix cirro

A

High level cloud

82
Q

Describe a cirrostratus cloud

A

layered wispy high level cloud

83
Q

Describe a altocumulus cloud

A

heaped, ball shaped, medium altitude

84
Q

Describe a nimbostratus cloud

A

low level layered cloud with rainfall

85
Q

Describe a cumulonimbus cloud

A

Thunderhead, large altitude coverage, rain-bearing

86
Q

Nimbo indicates

A

water-bearing

87
Q

Cirro or cirrus

A

high altitude >23,000 feet

88
Q

alto

A

medium altitude 6500 to 23000 feet

89
Q

strato or stratus

A

neither balls nor wispy; formed, gather clouds, horizontal

90
Q

cumulus

A

ball shaped

91
Q

Stratocumuluss

A

Strato – formed, horizontal

Cumulus – balls

Stratocumulus – formed, horizontal, rolling balls

92
Q

Buys-Ballot law – If the wind is to your back

A

low pressure is to your left, high pressure to the right

93
Q

Good use of stretchy nylon lines

A

Dock lines, anchor lines

94
Q

Good use of buoyant polypropelene lines

A

painters, MOB

95
Q

Good use of low-stretch Dacron or Kevlar

A

Sheets and halyards

96
Q

What are meat hooks?

A

Frayed wire rope

97
Q

What are the fearsome five characteristics?

A

Fitness

Food

Fluids

Fatique (sleep)

Fahrenheit (body temperature)

98
Q

To avoid seasickness, take medications…

A

… well before departure

99
Q

Seasickness treatment Horizon Viewing

A

Windward side, look ahead at horizon and water without staring, broad peripheral view of the sea, anticipate boat movements, adjust body so torso and head are balanced above hips

100
Q

Seasickness treatment: Nibbling

A

sips of water or sports drinks, crackers, cookies, bananas

101
Q

Cruising boat Medical preparedness considerations

A

Consideration of length of trip, distance to professional medical services, crew fitness, on-board medical knowledge, communication abilities

102
Q

Main cause of injury on a boat

A

Falls

103
Q

Always hook into the ______ jack line

A

windward

104
Q

Precise range of visibility formula

A

1.144 x sq. root of height (lighthouse, height above water, etc.)

105
Q

Mark DR plot position (direction and time only) with a _______.

Mark an estimated position (having at least one bearing) with a _______.

Mark a fix two or more bearings with a _____.

A

half-circle

square

circle

106
Q

The small triangle formed by three bearing lines nearly intersecting is call a:

If it is a very large one, then

A

“cocked hat”

throw out the least reliable bearing and chose the point of the triange defined by the other two

107
Q

In beating, when navigating take the _____ tack first, unless a _____ one will keep you closer to land or fixes.

A

longest

short

108
Q

In a running fix, when the bearing angle to a fixed object is doubled (45/90, 30/60, 40/80) the distance off is equal to

A

the distance sailed between the two readings

ASA Coursework (17 decks)

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