Asepsis and Infection Control Flashcards
(69 cards)
1
Q
are directly involved in providing a biologically safe environment
A
Nurses
2
Q
freedom from disease-causing microorganisms
A
Asepsis
3
Q
Two Types of Asepsis:
A
- Medical Asepsis/clean technique
- Surgical asepsis/aseptic technique
4
Q
all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to an area.
A
Medical Asepsis/clean technique
5
Q
practices that keep an area or object free from all microorganism
A
Surgical asepsis/aseptic technique
6
Q
state of infection and can take many forms, including
septic shock.
A
Sepsis
7
Q
Types of microorganisms that cause infections: FOUR CATEGORIES:
A
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Parasites
8
Q
The most-common infection-causing microorganism
A
BACTERIA
9
Q
Can be transported through air, water, food, soil, body tissues and fluids, and inanimate objects.
A
BACTERIA
10
Q
- Consist primarily of nucleic acid
- Must enter living cells in order to reproduce
A
VIruses
11
Q
Common examples of Viruses:
A
- Rhinovirus (colds)
- Hepatitis
- Herpes
- HIV
- SARS-CoV-2
12
Q
virus that causes colds
A
Rhinovirus
13
Q
Yeasts and molds
A
FUNGI
14
Q
yeast considered to be normal flora in the human vagina
A
Candida albicans
15
Q
- Live on other living organisms.
- Protozoas
A
PARASITES
16
Q
Examples of Parasites:
A
- Malaria
- Helminths (worms)
- Anthropods (mites, fleas, ticks)
17
Q
microorganisms invades body part where the host’s defense
mechanisms are ineffective; pathogens causes tissue damage
A
INFECTION
18
Q
Types of Infection
A
- Local
- Systemic
- Acute
- Chronic
19
Q
Limited to a specific part of the body
A
Local
20
Q
The microorganism spread and damage different body parts
A
Systemic
21
Q
- sudden
- Last a short time
A
Acute
22
Q
- Slowly
- May last months or years
A
Chronic
23
Q
blood culture is (+) of microorganisms
A
Bacteremia
24
Q
bacteremia resulting in systemic infection
A
Septicemia
25
Associated with the deliver of health care services in a health care facility
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
26
types of NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
Endogenous or exogenous
27
Common microorganisms in NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS:
- Escherichia coli
- Staphylococcus aureus
- enterococci
28
Direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic infections
IATROGENIC INFECTION
29
Common example of IATROGENIC INFECTION:
IV infiltration or extravasation
30
Methods of Transmission
1. Direct Transmission
2. Indirect Transmission
3. Airborne Transmission
31
TYpes of Indirect Transmission
a. Vehicle-born transmission
b. Vector-borne transmission
32
Immediate and direct transfer; or if the source and host are 3 feet of each other
Direct Transmission
33
touching, biting, kissing, sexual intercourse
Direct Transmission
34
Sneezing, coughing, spitting, talking
Direct Transmission
35
Droplets or dustcontaining infectious agents that is transmitted in the air/remain in the air for long periods.
Airborne Transmission
36
substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport /introduce an infectious agent
Vehicle
37
inanimate objects/materials
Fomite
38
animal or insect that serves as an intermediate means to
transport an infectious agent
Vector
39
CATEGORIES of body defenses:
1. Nonspecific Defenses
2. Specific Defenses
40
Types of Nonspecific Defenses
a. Anatomic and Physiologic Barriers
b. Inflammatory Response
41
Types of Specific Defenses
a. Antibody-mediated Defenses
b. Cell-mediated Defenses
42
- Intact skin and mucous membranes
- Nasal passages: cilia
- Body orifice: saliva
- Eye: tears
- Stomach: high acidity
- Vagina: Lactobacilli
Anatomic and Physiologic Barriers
43
Nasal passages
cilia
44
Body orifice
saliva
45
Eye
tears
46
Stomach
high acidity
47
Vagina
Lactobacilli
48
defensive response of the tissues to an injurious or infectious agent
Inflammation
49
5 signs of Inflammation:
1. Pain
2. Swelling
3. Redness
4. Heat
5. Impaired function of the part, if severe.
50
part of body’s plasma proteins
Antibodies/Immunoglobulins
51
major types of Antibodies/Immunoglobulins:
active and passive
52
Host produces antibodies in response to artificial antigens
(vaccines) or natural antigens (infectious microorganisms)
Active Immunity
53
- Acquired
- The host receives natural (e.g., from a nursing mother) or artificial (e.g., from an immune serum) antibodies produced by another source.
Passive Immunity
54
- lymphoid tissues release large numbers ofactivated T cells into the lymph system.
- these T cells pass into the general circulation.
Cell-mediated defenses/cellular immunity
55
FACTORS INCREASING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION
1. Age
2. Heredity
3. Level of Stress
4. Nutritional Status
5. Current medical therapy
6. Preexisting medical process
56
newborns and older adults have reduced defenses against infection
Age
57
some people have genetic susceptibility to certain infections
Heredity
58
stress elevates blood cortisone decreases anti-inflammatory responses.
Level of Stress
59
antibodies are proteins; Therefore, the body needs enough
protein to boost immune system.
Nutritional Status
60
used on skin or tissue
Antiseptic
61
used on inanimate objects
Disinfectant
62
Antiseptic and Disinfectant both have ______________________________________
bacteriostatic and bactericidal
63
destroys all microorganisms
Sterilization
64
Methods of Sterilization
- Moist Heat
- Gas
- Boiling Water
- Radiation
65
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
- Gloves
- Gowns
- Mask
- Eyewear
66
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTION
- Airborne Precaution
- Droplet Precaution
- Contact Precaution
67
- Private room that has a negative pressure; room with another client infected with the same microorganism
- N95 respirator
- surgical mask on the patient during transport
Airborne Precaution
68
- Private room; room with another client infected with the same microorganism
- mask if working within 3 feet
- surgical mask on the patient during transport
Droplet Precaution
69
- Private room; room with another client infected with the same microorganism
- gloves; gown if with possibility of contact with infected surfaces
Contact Precaution
