Asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells:Mitosis Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction is when a cell divides into 2 new daughter cells, both genetically identical to each other and to the original cell.
What processes are used in asexual reproduction for prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes use binary fission and eukaryotes use mitosis.
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction is when an egg and sperm unite to create a new genetically distinct organism.
What are gametes?
Gametes are the egg and sperm involved in sexual reproduction.
What type of cells divide asexually in multicellular eukaryotes?
Somatic cells.
What are primary sex cells?
Cells that divide by meiosis to form gametes.
What occurs during mitosis?
One cell divides into two new daughter cells, each genetically identical to each other and to the original cell.
During which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur?
M phase.
List the four phases of mitosis.
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
What is cytokinesis?
The division of the cytoplasm, occurring at the end of mitosis.
What happens during prophase of mitosis?
- Chromosomes condense
- Spindle microtubules form
- Nucleolus disappears
- Nuclear envelope dissolves
- Spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores
What happens during metaphase of mitosis?
Duplicated chromosomes are lined up at the equator of the cell.
What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?
Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
What happens during telophase and cytokinesis?
- Spindle microtubules disappear
- Nuclear membranes reform
- Chromosomes relax into chromatin
- Nucleolus reappears
- Cytokinesis occurs
How does cytokinesis occur in plant cells?
Small vesicles deposit carbohydrates along the midplane to form a cell plate.
How does cytokinesis occur in animal cells?
Microfilaments form a ring around the plasma membrane, tightening to create a cleavage furrow.
What are alleles?
Different versions of the same genes.
What is genetic variation?
Differences in the possible combination of the alleles of a gene between individuals of a population.
Why do many organisms use sexual reproduction?
Because it leads to genetic variation.
What is the result of sexual reproduction?
A unique combination of the two parents’ genes in the offspring.
What is the significance of genetic variation in a population?
It gives a population resiliency against extinctions.
What type of cell division is required for gamete formation?
Meiosis.
What are the two types of gametes produced?
- Oocyte (female gamete)
- Spermatocyte (male gamete)
What is the chromosome number in gametes compared to diploid cells?
Gametes are haploid, having half the number of chromosomes (n instead of 2n).
