Translation

Question 1

translation is :

Answer 1

the last step in converting the instructions contained in your genes into proteins.

Question 2

vrai ou faux : many proteins can be made from 1 rna

Answer 2

vrai

Question 3

what are the 3 types of RNA involved in translation

Answer 3

1- messanger rna (mrna)
2- transfer rna (trna)
3- ribosomal rna(rRna )

Question 4

what is the mRNA ‘S purpose:

Answer 4

1-it carries the instructions for the ribosom on how to make a single protein from the genetic code found in the dna .
2- mRna carries thes instructions out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm,where translation takes place

Question 5

what is the tRNA ‘S purpose:

Answer 5

1- carries the individual amino acids to the ribosom
2- every trna is specific ton 1 amino acid only

Question 6

what is the tRNA ‘S structure:

Answer 6

1- it is a single strand folded into a t like shape .
2- it has a 3 base anticodon making sure that only the correct amino acids is added at the given time.

Question 7

what is the rRNA ‘S purpose:

Answer 7

1- rRNA combines with proteins to form ribosomes
2- in the ribosome ,rRNa will catalyze the attachement of one amino acid to another.

Question 8

what is the rRNA ‘S structure:

Answer 8

1- the ribosome hase 2 subunits , 1 large and 1 small .
2-eachsubunit is made of both rRNA and proteins .
3- the large subunit containes the catalytic site and 2 tRNA binding sites (the P-site and the A site )

Question 9

What are the 3 steps of translation :

Answer 9

1-initiation
2-elongation
3- termination

Question 10

step 1 initiation :

Answer 10

1- formation of initiation complex .
*the small ribosomal subunits.
*the tRNA carrying the first amino acids of the protein (methionine)
2- the initiation complex binds to an mRNA molecule.
3- the large ribosomal subunit arrives and the methionine tRNA binds to the first tRNA binding site on the large subunit (the p site)

Question 11

Step 2 :elongatioln

Answer 11

1- elongation start with the tRNA carrying the second amino acid binding in the second t RNA binding site, the site A .
2-the catalytic site then catalyzes the chemical reaction that links the first amino acid to the second amino acid .
3- the trna in the p site is ejected and the trna from the A site is moved inti the p site .The A site is now empty ,and a trna carrying the next amino acid moves in ( 5’ to 3’ reading the mRNA )
4- the cycle repeats for each amino acid of the protein .

Question 12

Step 3 : Termination

Answer 12

1- the termination occurs when the ribosome hits a STOP codon .
2- a release factor binds to the ribosime
3- ribosomal subunits separate ,mRNA and the new protein are released.