assessing skin, hair, and nails

Question 1

consists of the skin, hair, and nails, which are external structures that serve a variety of specialized functions.

Answer 1

integumentary systtem

Question 2

4 distinct layers of the skin

Answer 2

stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum and germinativum

Question 3

2 internal structures of the skin

Answer 3

1. sebaceous glands
2. sweat glands

Question 4

3 layers of the skin

Answer 4

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue

Question 5

2 typers of hair

Answer 5

vellus hair
terminal hair

Question 6

short, pale fins and present over much of the body

Answer 6

vellus hair (peachfuzz)

Question 7

longer, generally darker and coarser (eyebrows, scalp)

Answer 7

terminal hair

Question 8

hard, transparent plates of keratinized epidermal cells that grow from the cuticle

Answer 8

nails

Question 9

crescent shaped area located at the base

Answer 9

lunula

Question 10

extends over the ENTIRE nail bed and has a pink tinge (blood vessel under)

Answer 10

nail body

Question 11

other term for tinea capitis

Answer 11

scalp ringworm

Question 12

other name for patchy hair loss

Answer 12

Alopecia areata

Question 13

what is a warty of crusty pigmented lesion?

Answer 13

seborrheic keratosis

Question 14

what is the depigmentation of the skin. discolored areas get bigger in time

Answer 14

vitiligo

Question 15

other name for stretch marks

Answer 15

striae

Question 16

flat, small macules of oigment that appear following sun exposure

Answer 16

freckles

Question 17

body’s way of healing damaged skin

Answer 17

scar

Question 18

small raised spots (1-5mm wide) typically seen with aging

Answer 18

cherry angiomas

Question 19

raised papule with a depressed center

Answer 19

cutaneous tag

Question 20

shaped skin protrusions, often keratinized, arising from various underlying lesions.

Answer 20

cutaneous horn

Question 21

what stage of pressure injury has non-blanchable erythema or intact skin

Answer 21

stage 1 non blanchable erythema of intact skin

Question 22

stage of pressure injury that has partial-thickness loss of skin with exposed dermis

Answer 22

stage 2 partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis

Question 23

stage of pressure injury that has full-thickness loss of skin in which adipose (fat) is visible in the ulcer and granulation tissue and epibole (rolled wound edges) are often present.

Answer 23

Stage 3: full thickness skin loss

Question 24

full thickness skin and tissue loss with exposed or directyle palpable fascia, muscle, tendon, ligament, cartilage or bone in the ulcer

Answer 24

stage 4 pressure injury: full-thickness and tissue loss

Question 25

full thickness skin and tissue loss in which the extent of tissue damage within the ulser cannot be confirmed because it is obscured by slough or eschar

Answer 25

unstageable pressure injury: obscured full-thickness skin and tissue loss

Question 26

have a circumscribed border and are LESS than 0.5 cm

Answer 26

papule (elevated nevi,, warts, and lichen planus)

Question 27

are GREATER than 0.5cm and may be coalesced papules w flat top

Answer 27

plaques (psoriosis vulgaris)

Question 28

elevated mass w transient border that are often irregular. caused by movement of serous fluid into dermis; it does not contain free fluid in cavity eg vesicles, insect bites

Answer 28

wheal

Question 29

pus-filled vesicle or bulla eg. acne, impetigo, furnucles and carbunucles

Answer 29

pustule

Question 30

this extends deeper into dermis than a papule. Are 0.5-2cm and circumscribed

Answer 30

nodules

Question 31

are greater than 1 to 2 cm and do not always have sharp borders eg. keloid, lipoma, SCC

Answer 31

tumor

Question 32

are less than 0.5cm; bullas are greater than 0.5cm eg. herpes simplex/zoster varicella eg. chickecn pox

Answer 32

vesicles

Question 33

encapsulated flui-filled or semisolid mass that is located in the subcutaneous tissue or dermis

Answer 33

cyst

Question 34

skin loss. extending past epidermis with necrotic tissue loss (death of cells). bleeding and scarring are possible

Answer 34

ulcer

Question 35

skin mark left after healing of wound or lesion that represent the replacement by connective tissue of the injured tissue

Answer 35

scar (cicatrix)

Question 36

linear crack in the skin that may extend to DERMIS and may be painful (chapped lips, athlete's foot)

Answer 36

fissure

Question 37

lesions associated with bleeding, aging, circulatory conditions, diabeter

Answer 37

vascular skin lesions

Question 38

Round red or purple macule that is 1 to 2 mm in size. It is secondary to blood extravasation and associated with bleeding tendencies or emboli to skin.

Answer 38

PETECHIA

Question 39

Round or irregular macular lesion that is larger than petechial lesion. The color varies and changes: black, yellow, and green hues.

Answer 39

ECCHYMOSIS

Question 40

A localized collection of blood creating an elevated ecchymosis. It is associated with trauma.

Answer 40

hematoma

Question 41

Papular and round, red or purple lesion found on the trunk or extremities. It may blanch with pressure.

Answer 41

cherry angiomas

Question 42

Red arteriole lesion with a central body with radiating branches. rare below the waist

Answer 42

spider angioma

Question 43

Bluish or red lesion with varying shape (spider-like or linear) found on the legs and anterior chest. It does not blanch when pressure is applied.

Answer 43

TELANGIECTASIS

Question 44

diamater that is greater than in and mm is what to look for in skin cancer

Answer 44

1/4 in or 6mm

Question 45

major cause of morbidity and mortality

Answer 45

pressure injuries

Question 46

used to assess skin sore

Answer 46

braden scale

Question 47

used tool to assess pressure ulcer

Answer 47

PUSH tool (Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing)

Question 48

Adipose (fat) is not visible and deeper tissues are not visible. Granulation tissue, slough and eschar are not present. These injuries commonly result from adverse microclimate and shear in the skin over the pelvis and shear in the heel.

Answer 48

stage 2: partial thickness skin loss w exposed DERMIS

Question 49

involves inflammation of hair follicles, often presenting as small, itchy, pus-filled bumps, and can be caused by bacterial infection, ingrown hairs,

Answer 49

folliculitis of the scalp

Question 50

patchy hair loss

Answer 50

alopecia areata

Question 51

Slough and/or eschar may be visible. Epibole (rolled edges), undermining and/or tunneling often occur.

Answer 51

Stage 4: full thickness skin an tissue loss